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إظهار المزيد2 108
المشتركون
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The most common diagnosis is an invasive ductal carcinoma, of no special type.
The stage is upstaged when the tumor is greater than 2 cm. (T2)
The usual surgical treatment for breast cancers is a modified radical mastectomy where the nipple, skin, and axillary lymph nodes are submitted.
The basal margins are inked to see if the cancer has gone beyond the breast. (In these cases, black and green inks were used)
We take sections from the nipple, skin, tumor, other parts of the breast, and harvest lymph nodes for microscopic examination.
Also, when the skin is infiltrated by tumor, the stage goes up to T4b because of the rich lymphatic channels in the dermis that is a route of spread for distant metastasis, most commonly to the lungs, liver, brain, and bones.
