Remedial 2016

Easy way of identifying Diamagnetic and paramagnetic

Easy way of identifying Non polar and polar

Eski hasabun temelkechi gilts kalhonelish degmo enayalen

𝖍𝖊𝖗𝖊 𝖎𝖘 𝖆 𝖚𝖘𝖊𝖆𝖇𝖑𝖊 𝖎𝖉𝖊𝖆 𝖜𝖎𝖙𝖍 𝖗𝖊𝖌𝖆𝖗𝖉𝖘 𝖙𝖔 𝖇𝖔𝖓𝖉 𝖔𝖗𝖉𝖊𝖗👇👇👇 I got easy way to do it without configuration The highest bond order is 3 to get this value the atomic number must be 14 atomic number      bond order 9                                    0.5 10                                    1 11                                   1.5 12                                     2 13                                    2.5 14                                      3 15                                    2.5 16                                      2 17                                    1.5 18                                       1   19                                     0.5 For example A. CN+ atomic number of c is 6 and n is 7 so 6+7-1=12  this means the bond order is 2 B. CN- 6+3+1=14, so the bond order is 3 https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00

Remedial progeram 2016/2024                                                                                                                                                                                                            30 days challenge     work hard

#MoE last year bio exam

🔰Lipids🔰 (1) Term lipid was coined by Bloor. (2) These are esters of fatty acids and alcohol. (3) They are hydrophobic insoluble in water but soluble in benzene, ether and chloroform. (4) Lipids are classified into three groups:– (A) Simple lipids: These are the esters of fatty acids and glycerol. Again they are typed as:– (a) Fats and Oils: (Natural lipids or true fats). These are triglycerides of fatty acid and glycerol. Fats which are liquid at room temperature are called oils. Oils with polyunsaturated fatty acids are called polyunsaturated e.g. sunflower oil, lower blood cholesterol. (b) Fatty acids: Obtained by hydrolysis of fats. Formic acid is simplest fatty acid (HCOOH). These are of 2 types:– (i) Saturated fatty acids: The fatty acids which do not have double bond in between carbon atoms.e.g. butyric acid, palmitic acid,hexanoic acid, etc. They have high melting points, solid at room temperature and increase blood cholesterol. (ii) Unsaturated fatty acids: The fatty acids which have double bonds in carbon atoms. e.g. 8 hexadecanoic acid, 9 octadecanoic acid etc. They have lower melting points mostly found in plant fats, liquid at room temperature and lower the blood cholesterol. (c) Waxes: These are simple lipids composed of one molecule of long chain fatty acid and long chain monohydric alcohol. Waxes have high melting point, insoluble in water, resistant to atmospheric oxidation, chemically inert and not digested by enzymes. They reduce rate of transpiration by making plant tissue water proof and work as excellent lubricant. (B) Compound lipids: They contain some additional or element. Group with fatty acid and alcohol on the basis of group they may be of following types: (a) Phospholipids: These contain phosphoric acid. It helps in transport, metabolism, blood clotting and permeability of cell membrane. It is a bipolar molecule i.e. phosphate containing end is hydrophilic whereas fatty acid molecules represent hydrophobic (non-polar tail). (b) Glycolipids: These contain nitrogen and carbohydrate beside fatty acids. Generally found in white matter of nervous system. e.g. sesocine frenocin. (c) Chromolipids : It includes pigmented lipids e.g. carotene. (d) Aminolipids : Also known as sulpholipids. It contains sulphur and amino acids with fatty acid and glycerol. Cutin and suberin are also compound lipids resistant to water and also provide mechanical support in plants. (iii) Derived lipids: These are obtained by hydrolysis of simple and compound lipids. (5) Functions of lipids (a) Oxidation of lipids yields comparatively more energy in the cell than protein and carbohydrates. 1gm of lipids accounts for 39.1 KJ. (b) The oil seeds such as groundnut, mustard, coconut store fats to provide nourishment to embryo during germination. (c) They function as structural constituent i.e. all the membrane systems of the cell are made up of lipoproteins. (d) Amphipathic lipids are emulsifier. (e) It works as heat insulator. (f) Used in synthesis of hormones. (g) Fats provide solubility to vitamins A, D, E, and K. https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00

🌀♻️Atoms & Molecules♻️🌀 Around 500 BC, an Indian Philosopher Maharishi Kanad, first time postulated the concept of indivisible part of matter and named it ‘pramanu.’ In 1808, John Dalton used the term ‘atom’ and postulated the atomic theory to the study of matter. 🔅Dalton’s Atomic Theory ➖According to Dalton’s atomic theory, all matter, whether an element, a compound or a mixture is composed of small particles called atoms. ➖According to Dalton’s atomic theory, all matters, whether they are elements, compounds, or mixtures, are composed of small particles known as atoms. 🔅Salient features of Dalton’s Atomic Theory ➖All matter is made of very miniscule particles known as atoms. ➖Atom is an indivisible particle, which cannot be created or destroyed through chemical reaction. ➖All atoms of an element are identical in mass and chemical properties whereas, atoms of different elements have different masses and chemical properties. ➖To form a compound, atoms are combined in the ratio of small whole numbers. ➖In a given compound, the relative number and kinds of atoms are constant. 🔅Atomic Mass ➖The mass of an atom of a chemical element; it is expressed in atomic mass units (symbol is u). ➖The atomic mass is roughly equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons present in the atom. ➖One atomic mass unit is a mass unit equal to the exactly one-twelfth (1/12th) the mass of one atom of carbon-12 and the relative atomic masses of all elements have been calculated with respect to an atom of carbon-12. 🔅Molecule ➖The smallest particle of an element or a compound, which is capable to exist independently and shows all the properties of the respective substance. ➖A molecule, normally, is a group of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded together. ➖Atoms of the same element or of different elements can join (with chemical bond) together to form molecules. ➖The number of atoms that constitute a molecule is known as its atomicity. 🔅Ion ➖A charged particle is known as ion; it could be either negative charge or positive charge. ➖The positively charged ion is known as a ‘cation’. ➖The negatively charged ion is known as an ‘anion.’ 🔅Chemical Formulae ➖A chemical formula of a compound demonstrations its constituent elements and the number of atoms of each combining element. ➖The chemical formula of a compound is the symbolic representation of its Composition. ➖The combining capacity of an element is known as its ‘valency.’ 🔅Molecular Mass ➖The molecular mass of a substance is calculated by taking the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of respective substance. For example, the molecular mass of water is calculated as −                       ➖Atomic mass of hydrogen = 1u                       ➖Atomic mass of oxygen = 16 u ➖The water contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. ➖Molecular Mass of Water is = 2 × 1+ 1×16 = 18 u (u is the symbol of molecular mass). 🔅Formula Unit Mass The formula unit mass of a substance is calculated by taking the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a formula unit of a compound. 🔅Avogadro Constant or Avogadro Number ➖Avogadro was an Italian scientist who had given the concept of Avogadro Number (also known as Avogadro Constant). ➖The number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) present in 1 mole of any substance is fixed, and its value always calculated as 6.022 × 1023. ➖In 1896, Wilhelm Ostwald had introduced the concept of ‘mole;’ however, mole unit was accepted to provide a simple way of reporting a large number in 1967. 🔅Law of Conservation of Mass During a chemical reaction, sum of the masses of the reactants and products remains unchanged, which is known as the ‘Law of Conservation of Mass.’ 🔅Law of Definite Proportions In a pure chemical compound, its elements are always present in a definite proportion by mass, which is known as the ‘Law of Definite Proportions.’ https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00

የ2016 ዓ.ም የሪሚዲያል ተማሪዎች ፈተና በሰኔ ወር መጀመሪያ ይሰጣል፡፡ - ትምህርት ሚኒስቴር

የሪሚዲያል ተማሪዎች ፈተና በሰኔ ወር መጀመሪያ ለ15 ቀናት በመንግሥት ዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ብቻ ለመስጠት እየተሠራ መሆኑን ትምህርት ሚኒስቴር አሳውቋል፡፡ ባለፈው ዓመት የተፈጠረውን ችግር ለመቅረፍ የሪሚዲያል ፈተናውን በሁሉም የመንግሥት ዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ብቻ ለመስጠት እየተሠራ መሆኑን በትምህርት ሚኒስቴር የከፍተኛ ትምህርት ተቋማት መምህራንና ተማሪዎች ልማት ዴስክ ኃላፊ በየነ ተዘራ ለኢፕድ ተናግረዋል፡፡ ከ70 በመቶ የሚዘጋጀው ፈተና በሰኔ ወር መጀመሪያ ለ15 ቀናት በኦንላይን፣ በኦንላይንና በወረቀት ወይም በጥብቅ ቁጥጥር በወረቀት ለመስጠት እየተሠራ እንደሆነም ገልፀዋል፡፡ ዘንድሮ 32,500 ተማሪዎች 50 በመቶ በላይ ውጤት በማምጣት በቀጥታ ዩኒቨርሲቲ ገብተው መደበኛ ትምህርት እየተከታተሉ ሲሆን ከ78 ሺህ በላይ ተማሪዎች ደግሞ በመንግሥት ዩኒቨርሲቲዎች ሪሚዲያል ትምህርት እየወሰዱ እንደሚገኙ ጠቁመዋል፡፡ የሪሚዲያል ትምህርት ከታህሳስ ጀምሮ እስከ ሰኔ 2016 ዓ.ም መጨረሻ እየተሰጠ የሚገኝ ሲሆን ውጤታቸው 30 በመቶ በዩኒቨርሲቲዎች የትምህርት ሒደት እና 70 በመቶ በማዕከል በሚዘጋጅ ፈተና የሚለይ መሆኑን አስረድተዋል፡፡ #ኢፕድ https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00

👌🏻Parathyroid gland (1) Hormones of parathyroid: Active hormone secreted by parathyroids is parathormone (PTH), also called Collip's Hormone (Phillips collip, 1925). (2) Irregularities of parathormones (a) Hypoparathyroidism (Hyposecretion of parathormone) (b) Hyperparathyroidism (Hypersecretion of parathormone) Pancreas (1) Hormones of pancreas and their role: (a) Insulin: Insulin regulates how the body uses and stores glucose and fat. (b) Glucagon: This is secreted by the alpha cells of islets of Langerhans. Its function is to elevate glucose level in blood when glucose is deficient. (c) Somatostatin and Pancreatic polypeptide: Modern physiologists have postulated that the d and F (PP) cells of pancreas respectively secrete somatostatin (SS) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Somatostatin resembles the growth hormone inhibitory hormone (GHIH) secreted by hypothalamus. Thymus gland (1) Function of thymus glands (a) Thymus is haemopoietic, as well as, an endocrine gland. (b) The major function of thymus is to secrete thymosin hormone, thymic humoral factor (THF), thymic factor (TF), thymopoietin. (c) Thymus is essential in neonatal (newly born) infant and postnatal child for normal development of lymphoid organs and cellular immunity. Gonads (1) The gonads are the sex glands, the testes and the ovary. (i) Testes The testis form part of the male reproductive system, and is the gland where sperm and testosterone are produced. Functions of Testes (a) It stimulates the male reproductive system to grow to full size and become functional. (b) It stimulates the formation of sperms (spermatogenesis) in the seminiferous tubules. (c) It also determines the male sexual behaviour sex urge, aggressive behaviour.  (d) Under its effect protein anabolism increases. https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00 https://t.me/Remedial00