Online Tutorial
الذهاب إلى القناة على Telegram
1 063
المشتركون
لا توجد بيانات24 ساعات
-57 أيام
-2230 أيام
أرشيف المشاركات
1 063
KINDLY JOIN OUR WHATSAPP GROUP USING THE LINK BELOW
The Remaining Exams will be drop there to avoid some inconvenience
Thanks to everyone as you do so
https://chat.whatsapp.com/LRniN6pdpc1IPZpcSPK1i4
1 063
YOU ALL SHOULD JOIN OUR WHATSAPP GROUP USING THE LINK BELOW
https://chat.whatsapp.com/LRniN6pdpc1IPZpcSPK1i4
1 063
SECTION B
12a
Cooperative Society is a voluntary association of individuals or legal persons united by common bond, who have come together to pursue their socio-economic goals for their own benefits with high regards to non-members as their neighbors.
12b
CHOOSE ANY FIVE;
Initial Public Offerings
Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) are used when companies have profitable operations, management stability, and strong demand for their products or services. This generally doesn’t happen until companies have been in business for several years. To get to this point, they usually will raise funds privately one or more times.
Debt Financing
Debt financing involves borrowing funds from creditors with the stipulation of repaying the borrowed funds plus interest at a specified future time. For the creditors (those lending the funds to the business), the reward for providing the debt financing is the interest on the amount lent to the borrower.
Debt Financing
Debt financing involves borrowing funds from creditors with the stipulation of repaying the borrowed funds plus interest at a specified future time. For the creditors (those lending the funds to the business), the reward for providing the debt financing is the interest on the amount lent to the borrower.
Debt financing may be secured or unsecured. Secured debt has collateral (a valuable asset which the lender can attach to satisfy the loan in case of default by the borrower). Conversely, unsecured debt does not have collateral and places the lender in a less secure position relative to repayment in case of default.
Banks and Other Commercial Lenders
Banks and other commercial lenders are popular sources of business financing. Most lenders require a solid business plan, positive track record, and plenty of collateral. These are usually hard to come by for a start-up business. Once the business is underway and profit and loss statements, cash flow budgets, and net worth statements are provided, the company may be able to borrow additional funds.
Government Programs
Federal, state, and local governments have programs designed to assist the financing of new ventures and small businesses. The assistance is often in the form of a government guarantee of the repayment of a loan from a conventional lender. The guarantee provides the lender repayment assurance for a loan to a business that may have limited assets available for collateral. The best known sources are the Small Business Administration and USDA Rural Development.
Personal Savings
The first place to look for money is your own savings or equity. Personal resources can include profit-sharing or early retirement funds, real estate equity loans, or cash value insurance policies.
Venture Capital
Venture capital refers to financing that comes from companies or individuals in the business of investing in young, privately held businesses. They provide capital to young businesses in exchange for an ownership share of the business. Venture capital firms usually don’t want to participate in the initial financing of a business unless the company has management with a proven track record. Generally, they prefer to invest in companies that have received significant equity investments from the founders and are already profitable.
Angel Investors
Angel investors are individuals and businesses that are interested in helping small businesses survive and grow. So their objective may be more than just focusing on economic returns. Although angel investors often have somewhat of a mission focus, they are still interested in profitability and security for their investment. So they may still make many of the same demands as a venture capitalist.
Angel investors may be interested in the economic development of a specific geographic area in which they are located. Angel investors may focus on earlier stage financing and smaller financing amounts than venture capitalists.
Government Grants
1 063
SECTION B
7a
Economic development is the quantitative and qualitative change in an economy. Economic Growth refers to the increment in amount of goods and services produced by an economy.
Economic development refers to the reduction and elimination of poverty, unemployment and inequality with the context of growing economy.
7b
1. Low Per Capita Real Income
Low per capita real income is one of the most defining characteristics of developing economies. They suffer from low per capita real income level, which results in low savings and low investments.
2.High Population Growth Rate
Another common characteristic of developing countries is that they either have high population growth rates or large populations. Often, this is because of a lack of family planning options and the belief that more children could result in a higher labor force for the family to earn income. This increase in recent decades could be because of higher birth rates and reduced death rates through improved health care.
3. High Rates of Unemployment
In rural areas, unemployment suffers from large seasonal variations. However, unemployment is a more complex problem requiring policies beyond traditional fixes.
4Dependence on Primary Sector
Almost 75% of the population of low-income countries is rurally based. As income levels rise, the structure of demand changes, which leads to a rise in the manufacturing sector and then the services sector.
5.Dependence on Exports of Primary Commodities
Since a significant portion of output originates from the primary sector, a large portion of exports is also from the primary sector. For example, copper accounts for two-thirds of Zambia’s exports.
1 063
Section B
9a
Barter system:
* In a barter sysem, people give goods in exchange of goods.
* In a barter system, the parties have to agree to exchange each other goods.
*In a barter system, exchange cannot take place if the parties do not agree to buy each others goods.
*Therefore, double coincidence of wants is a must in a barter system.
Money system:
* In an economy that uses money, things are exchanged , using money as a medium.
* A man who is in possession of money can easily exchange it for anything that he wants.
*People prefer to receive payments in money and then exchange it for aything that they may want.
* The use of money as a medium of exchange the need for double coincidence of wants.
9b
Disadvantages of Trade by Barter Systems:
1. Lack of double coincidence of wants.
2. Lack of a common measure of value.
3. Indivisibility of certain goods.
4. Difficulty in making deferred payments.
5. Difficulty in storing value.
1 063
SECTION B
8
1….
A consumer surplus happens when the price consumers pay for a product or service is less than the price they're willing to pay.
Consumer surplus is based on the economic theory of marginal utility, which is the additional satisfaction a consumer gains from one more unit of a good or service.
Consumer surplus always increases as the price of a good falls and decreases as the price of a good rises.
2.
A balance of payments deficit means the country imports more goods, services, and capital than it exports. It must borrow from other countries to pay for its imports.
3
Terms of trade (TOT) is a key economic metric of a company's health measured through what it imports and exports.
TOT is expressed as a ratio that reflects the number of units of exports that are needed to buy a single unit of imports.
TOT is determined by dividing the price of the exports by the price of the imports and multiplying the number by 100.
4.
The elasticity of demand refers to the change in demand when there is a change in another economic factor, such as price or income.
5
The term budget surplus refers to a situation that occurs when income exceeds expenditures. The term is often used to describe a corporation or government's financial state, unlike individuals who have savings instead of budget surpluses. A surplus indicates that a government's finances are being effectively managed. The opposite of a budget surplus is a budget deficit, which commonly occurs when spending exceeds income.
1 063
SECTION B
6a
Economic Integration means the collaboration of two or more economies to lower or remove trade barriers and create a shared market and business opportunities for one another.
6b
Expands production capacity abnd creates new opportunities
Supports international specialization
Leads to the development of new products with quality output
Free flow of labor,capital and goods
Increasing bargaining power,efficiency and productivity
Creates political harmony between countries
1 063
Section B
4a
4. An Entrepreneur is a person that creates firm to realize their idea,known as entrepreneurship,which aggregates capital and labor in order to produce goods or services for profit.
An entrepreneur is a person who undertakes the risk of starting a new business venture.
4b
An Entrepreneur drives growth and creates new job.
Encourages innovation by bringing new ideas,products and services to the market.
Contributes to the social change by developing products or services that reduce people dependence on outdated technologies.
Addresses social and economic problems by creating solutions that will meet the needs of the society.
Enables healthy competition which improves business efficiency and lowers price to Consumers.
1 063
JOINT UNIVERSITIES PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS BOARD (JUPEB) 2023.
INSTRUCTIONS TO PHYSICS PRACTICAL
Each Candidate Is To Be Provided With The Following Apparatus;
1. Converging lens (5 cm focal length)
2. Box with crossed wire screen
3. Three (3) perforated meter rules
4. Knife edge
5. Lens holders
6. Electric bulb
7. Retort stand with clamp and boss head
8. Stop watch
9. Thread
10. 12 sets of weights (one 150g mass, three 100g masses)
11. Vernier caliper
12. Pin pointer (optical pin)
13. Plasticine
14. Masking paper tape
NOTE;Candidates are also reminded to come to the examination venue with a laboratory coat.
1 063
JOINT UNIVERSITIES PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS BOARD (JUPEB)
2023 EXAMINATIONS.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL
For each candidate, the following reagents are required:
1. Solution of HCI (Hydrochloric Acid) containing 3.65g per labeled solution.
2. Solution of calcium hydroxide containing 0.71g solute per labeled solution.
3. Solution of KCI (Potassium Chloride) and AICI (Aluminum Chloride) mixture, labeled.
4. Dilute HCI (Hydrochloric Acid) with a concentration of 2M.
5. Dilute HNO (Nitric Acid).
6. Dilute ammonium hydroxide (Ammonia) with a concentration of 2M.
7. Dilute acetic acid.
8. Ammonium Chloride solution with a concentration of 2M.
9. Silver Nitrate solution.
10. Sodium cobalt nitrite solution.
11. Distilled water.
12. Methyl orange indicator.
For each candidate, the following apparatus and materials are required:
1. 25 cm³ pipette.
2. Burette.
3. Retort stand and clamp.
4. White tile.
5. Conical flasks (at least 2 per candidate).
6. Beakers (2 per candidate).
7. Filter paper.
8. Test tubes (at least 4 per candidate).
9. Spatula.
10. Bunsen burner.
Candidates should also be reminded to bring their laboratory coats to the examination venue.
