WENDE TUTORIAL

Be ready your self by these notes for chapter 2 Geography before we post the video

Changes in the tilt, or obliquity, of Earth's axis of rotation can have a significant impact on climate patterns. Obliquity refers to the angle between Earth's rotational axis and its orbital plane around the Sun. The current tilt is approximately 23.5 degrees, but it varies over long time scales, typically ranging between 22.1 and 24.5 degrees. Variations in Earth's obliquity occur over a cycle of about 41,000 years. When the obliquity is higher, meaning a greater tilt, the seasonal contrast between summer and winter in each hemisphere becomes more pronounced. Conversely, when the obliquity is lower, the seasonal contrast becomes less pronounced. The impact of obliquity on climate is primarily related to the distribution of solar energy received by different latitudes and the intensity of seasons. Here are a few ways in which changes in obliquity can influence climate: Changes in seasonal temperature: Higher obliquity leads to more extreme seasonal temperature differences, with hotter summers and colder winters. Lower obliquity results in milder seasonal variations. Impact on polar regions: Changes in obliquity affect the amount of solar radiation reaching high latitudes. Higher obliquity can cause polar regions to receive more sunlight during their respective summers, leading to increased melting of ice and potentially altering global ocean circulation patterns. Shift in climate zones: Changes in obliquity can influence the latitudinal distribution of climate zones. For instance, higher obliquity could shift the boundaries of tropical, temperate, and polar climate zones, affecting rainfall patterns and vegetation distribution. It's important to note that obliquity alone does not cause climate change. Rather, it interacts with other factors such as eccentricity and precession, as part of the Milankovitch cycles, to drive long-term climate variations. Additionally, the influence of obliquity on climate is modulated by other factors, including greenhouse gas concentrations and the response of the Earth's climate system. In summary, changes in the tilt (obliquity) of Earth's axis can significantly affect climate by altering the distribution of solar energy across latitudes and intensifying or moderating seasonal temperature differences. These variations are part of the complex interplay of factors that contribute to long-term climate change.

Be ready your self by these notes for chapter 2 Geography before we post the video

The precession of Earth's axis of rotation, also known as axial precession or wobbling, can have an influence on climate patterns over long time scales. This phenomenon refers to the slow, cyclic movement of Earth's rotational axis, similar to the way a spinning top slowly wobbles as it spins. The precession of Earth's axis is primarily caused by gravitational interactions between Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. It leads to a gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis relative to the fixed stars over a period of approximately 26,000 years. As a result, the position of the North and South Poles changes slightly over time. The effect of axial precession on climate is mainly related to changes in the distribution of sunlight across the globe throughout the year. The tilt of Earth's axis remains relatively constant at about 23.5 degrees, but the direction it points in space slowly changes due to precession. This means that the orientation of Earth's axis with respect to the Sun at a given point in its orbit will vary over thousands of years. The changing orientation of Earth's axis affects the timing and intensity of seasons in different hemispheres. For example, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun during its summer, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away and experiences winter. Over thousands of years, this distribution of seasons shifts due to precession. This can result in variations in the amount of solar radiation received by different regions of the planet, influencing climate patterns. However, it's important to note that the impact of axial precession on climate is relatively small compared to other factors, such as changes in greenhouse gas concentrations or variations in solar radiation due to eccentricity. These factors have a more significant influence on climate change over shorter time scales. In summary, the precession of Earth's axis of rotation, or wobbling, can affect climate patterns by changing the distribution of sunlight across the globe throughout the year. However, its impact is relatively minor compared to other factors that drive climate change.

The precession of Earth's axis of rotation, also known as axial precession or wobbling, can have an influence on climate patterns over long time scales. This phenomenon refers to the slow, cyclic movement of Earth's rotational axis, similar to the way a spinning top slowly wobbles as it spins. The precession of Earth's axis is primarily caused by gravitational interactions between Earth, the Moon, and the Sun. It leads to a gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis relative to the fixed stars over a period of approximately 26,000 years. As a result, the position of the North and South Poles changes slightly over time. The effect of axial precession on climate is mainly related to changes in the distribution of sunlight across the globe throughout the year. The tilt of Earth's axis remains relatively constant at about 23.5 degrees, but the direction it points in space slowly changes due to precession. This means that the orientation of Earth's axis with respect to the Sun at a given point in its orbit will vary over thousands of years. The changing orientation of Earth's axis affects the timing and intensity of seasons in different hemispheres. For example, when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun during its summer, the Southern Hemisphere is tilted away and experiences winter. Over thousands of years, this distribution of seasons shifts due to precession. This can result in variations in the amount of solar radiation received by different regions of the planet, influencing climate patterns. However, it's important to note that the impact of axial precession on climate is relatively small compared to other factors, such as changes in greenhouse gas concentrations or variations in solar radiation due to eccentricity. These factors have a more significant influence on climate change over shorter time scales. In summary, the precession of Earth's axis of rotation, or wobbling, can affect climate patterns by changing the distribution of sunlight across the globe throughout the year. However, its impact is relatively minor compared to other factors that drive climate change.

Changes in the shape, or eccentricity, of Earth's orbit around the Sun can have an effect on climate, although the primary driver of climate change over long time scales is variations in Earth's orbit and axial tilt known as Milankovitch cycles. These cycles occur over tens of thousands of years and are believed to play a significant role in the glacial-interglacial cycles. Eccentricity refers to the degree of ellipticity of Earth's orbit. It varies over a cycle of about 100,000 years, transitioning between more circular and more elongated orbits. When Earth's orbit is more elliptical (higher eccentricity), it leads to variations in the amount of solar radiation received by different parts of the planet throughout the year. This variation in solar radiation can influence climate patterns. During periods of higher eccentricity, Earth experiences changes in the distribution of solar energy. At certain times, Earth is closer to the Sun during one part of its orbit (perihelion) and farther away during another part (aphelion). This variation in distance affects the amount of solar radiation received by Earth, with perihelion receiving more solar radiation and aphelion receiving less. However, it is important to note that the effect of eccentricity on climate is relatively small compared to other factors, such as greenhouse gas concentrations. Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, have a much more significant impact on global climate by trapping heat in the atmosphere. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, have led to a rapid increase in greenhouse gas concentrations, which is the primary driver of the current climate change. In summary, changes in the shape (eccentricity) of Earth's orbit around the Sun can contribute to variations in climate patterns over long time scales, but their impact is relatively minor compared to other factors such as greenhouse gas concentrations.

Scottish Highlands: The Scottish Highlands are a region of old fold mountains located in the northern part of Scotland. They were formed during the Caledonian orogeny, which affected a large portion of what is now the British Isles around 500 to 400 million years ago. The Scottish Highlands have been extensively eroded by ice and glaciers, resulting in a rugged landscape of steep-sided valleys and rounded peaks. These examples highlight some well-known old fold mountain ranges that have undergone significant erosion and weathering over geological time. While they may not exhibit the same dramatic topography as young fold mountains, they still hold important geological and scenic value.

WENDE TUTORIAL Chat, [10/7/2023 9:30 AM] Young fold mountains are formed by the process of folding and uplifting of rock layers due to tectonic forces. They are typically characterized by steep slopes, rugged topography, and active seismic activity. Here are some examples of young fold mountains: Himalayas: The Himalayas, located in South Asia, are one of the most prominent examples of young fold mountains. They span several countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet. The Himalayas were formed by the collision between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, and they continue to rise at a rate of a few millimeters per year. Andes: The Andes, located in South America, are another example of young fold mountains. They run along the western coast of the continent, spanning several countries such as Chile, Peru, and Argentina. The Andes were formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate, resulting in the uplift of the mountain range. Alps: The Alps are a young fold mountain range in Europe, extending across several countries including France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria, and Germany. They were formed as a result of the collision between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Alps are known for their majestic peaks, such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Rocky Mountains: The Rocky Mountains are a major mountain range in North America, stretching from Canada down to the southwestern United States. They were formed by the uplift and folding of sedimentary rock layers during the Laramide orogeny, which occurred around 70 to 40 million years ago. The Rocky Mountains are still actively rising in some areas, resulting in ongoing seismic activity. Atlas Mountains: The Atlas Mountains are located in North Africa, spanning several countries including Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. They were formed by the collision between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Atlas Mountains include both young and old fold structures, with the younger ranges located in the northern part of the range. These examples represent some of the well-known young fold mountain ranges around the world. The formation of these mountains is an ongoing geologic process, and they continue to shape the landscapes and provide valuable insights into Earth's dynamic tectonic processes. WENDE TUTORIAL Chat, [10/7/2023 9:31 AM] Old fold mountains are mountain ranges that have undergone significant erosion and weathering over millions of years, resulting in a more rounded and less rugged appearance compared to young fold mountains. Here are some examples of old fold mountains: Appalachian Mountains: The Appalachian Mountains are a system of old fold mountains in eastern North America, running parallel to the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. They were formed during the Appalachian orogeny, which occurred around 480 to 300 million years ago. The Appalachian Mountains have since been subject to extensive erosion, resulting in a more subdued topography compared to their younger counterparts. Urals: The Ural Mountains are an old fold mountain range that stretches across western Russia, forming the boundary between Europe and Asia. They were formed during the Uralian orogeny, which took place around 300 to 250 million years ago. The Urals have been eroded over time, and their peaks are relatively low and rounded. Scandinavian Mountains: The Scandinavian Mountains, also known as the Scandes, are an old fold mountain range in northern Europe. They extend along the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula, crossing Norway, Sweden, and a small portion of Finland. The Scandinavian Mountains were formed during the Caledonian orogeny, which occurred approximately 500 to 400 million years ago. They have since been heavily eroded, resulting in gentle slopes and rounded peaks.

Grade 12 Chapter 2 short note👍👍

Economics Chapter 1 Part 1👆🏻👆🏻👆🏻

Here are the answers if you have a question you are wel-come👆🏻👆🏻

1. C geyser 2. C Ras Dashen 3. C waterfall 4. D ‘V’-shape valley 5. C stalactite 6. B erosion 7. C lagoon 8. B igneous rock structures 9. B compression 10. B flood plains 11. B. Continental drift 12. A. They are old fold mountains 13. D. Australia 14. B. Continental Drift 15. B. Tethys 16. A. An earthquake 17. D. All 18. A. A fault 19. B. Seismographs

Yenante meketa yehonew wende zarem addis zena eneho yilachihuwal ke 9-12 yemitimaru temariwoch bemulu asitegni yifeligalu engidiyawus 5 Amet yemastenat limid balew ena yemastemar limid balew tesemito yemayitegebew yenanite memihir Wendimagegn yegil tutorial be online endihum be akal yemitifeligu begize Hello belu yilachihuwal ena wende yetemechachihu min titebikalachu le 9 ena 10 beseat 300 birr endihum le 11 ena 12 beseat 400 birr lekidame ena ehud

All of you be fast some of these questions are from your exercise book

1. Which of the following is not associated with earthquakes? A body waves B focus C geyser D seismograph 2. Which one of the following is not fold mountain? A Andes B Himalaya C Ras Dashen D Alps 3, Which one of these does not belong to volcanic activity? A caldera B hot springs C waterfall D crater 4. Which one is a common feature in the upper course of a river? A flood plain B meander C ox-bow lake D ‘V’-shape valley 5. A limestone column that hangs down from the ceiling of an underground cave is _________ . A artesian B stalagmite C stalactite D barchans 6. Which of the following is not an internal force? A earthquake B erosion C volcanic eruption D folding 7. Which one is not associated with wind action? A barchans B sand dune C lagoon D loess deposit 8. Batholiths are: A dissected mountains B igneous rock structures C plateaus D fold mountains 9. Anticlines and synclines are the product of A tension B compression C shearing D A and B 10. Meanders are associated with A waterfalls B flood plains C drainage basins D V-shape valleys 11, Which of the following is responsible for the present locations of the continents that once formed the single supercontinent known as Gondwanaland? A. Volcanism C. Faulting and folding B. Continental drift D. Erosion, transportation and deposition 12. What common characteristics do you find among Atlas, Alps and Himalyas? A. They are old fold mountains C. All are found in the Mediterranean region B. All are the result of tensional force D. They were formed during similar geological era 13. Which one of the following is part of the old Gondwanaland? A. North America B. Asia C. Europe D. Australia 14. Which of the following was proposed by Alfred Wegener? A. Plate Tectonics B. Continental Drift C. Ocean floor spreading D. All 15. What is the name of the huge sea that existed around Pangea? A. Atlantic Ocean B. Tethys C. Amazon D. Antarctica E. None 16. The sudden shaking of the ground that occurs when masses of rock changes its position below the Earth’s surface is called: A. An earthquake B. Volcano C. Magma D. None 17. Which of the features given below is associated with the work of wind action in different areas? A. Sand dunes B. Barchan C. Loess deposits D. All E. None 18. A crack on the earth’s crust formed by the forces of tension and compression is: A. A fault B. A fold C. Volcano D. All 19. Instruments that can detect earthquake waves are called: A. Thermographs B. Seismographs C. Wind vane D. None

If you are ready we are going to do Unit 1 geo practice questions. Are you ready??????