UPSC CSE Why

All GS 2021-2024 Mains PYQs👇🏼 GS1: t.me/csewhy/2839 GS2: t.me/csewhy/2847 GS3: t.me/csewhy/2868 GS4: t.me/csewhy/2876

Pre note: Mains GS resources & strategy in a single place 🚨23rd June | Monday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

Not much in today's update, invest time to revise CA from my blog: blog.csewhy.com

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. EU-India isn't just a relationship, it's become a tangible commodity (GS2: India-EU relations, read interview w/ EU Ambassador to India) 2. Entire explained Page: all 3 articles keeping Indian interest in mind. PS: Get yourself a space of your own among aspirants, join CSEWhy

#CSEWhyQuickTip Both Tea & Coffee are acidic in nature Coffee is more acidic than Tea, tho!

Pre note: Leave behind WHAT IFs, teach yourself to I WILL! 🚨22nd June | Sunday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. e-Rakt Kosh🩸 • Overview: u/ M-o-Health u/ National Health Mission to streamline blood bank ops, donor management & availability • Key Features: Centralized database for real-time blood stock, donor registry, and rare blood group integration (2025); accessible via e-Rakt Kosh portal and UMANG app. • Significance: Enhances health governance, aligns with Digital India, promotes voluntary donation • Challenges & Way Forward: Faces infrastructure and awareness issues; needs rural connectivity, campaigns, and data security to improve reach and efficiency. 2. Quantum entanglement based communication • Overview: Possible to send secure info. over 1km+ w/o wires but by JUST light through open space (free space optical link); an IIT-D & DRDO collab • Importance: Quantum entanglement is powerful connection b/w tiny particles (like photons) where changing one particle instantly affects the other (even if they are apart) • Use case: Exchanging messages which are very hard to hack; use in ultra-secure communication • CSEWhy Note: This lays foundation for quantum based internet in the future 3. Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) [DNA Analysis] • Repetitive DNA sequences (e.g., 2-6 base pairs) used in forensic science; highly variable, enabling individual identification. • Significance of STR: Genetic marker aiding in paternity test, forensic cases & disaster victim identification • Importance of Quality, Analysis, and Interpretation: Ensures accuracy in identifying individuals (up to 99.9% reliability); poor quality or contamination can lead to errors, critical for legal and medical contexts. • Overcoming Contamination/Degradation: Use of clean collection methods, advanced DNA extraction techniques, and reference samples (e.g., teeth) to verify degraded samples PS: Revise this week's CA for FREE on my blog at blog.csewhy.com

Pre note: You might want to checkout @CSEPlanB 🚨21st June | Friday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) • Overview: signed 1968 effective 1970; (191 countries) to prevent nuclear proliferation, promote peaceful nuclear energy & pursue disarmament • 3 Pillars: Non-Proliferation, Disarmament, Peaceful use • Nuclear Weapon States (NWS): 5 recognized (US, Russia, UK, France & China) tested before 1967, No-members: India, Pak, Israel, S. Sudan; N. Korea withdrew in 2003 • Role of IAEA: Verifies compliance via inspections & safeguards to ensure no misuse • Criticisms: Seen as discriminatory (NWS v/s NNWS), slow progress on disarmament, weak enforcement & challenges w/ emerging nuclear tech • Indian stance: Non-signatory citing discriminatory nature; advocates for universal & non-discriminatory disarmament while pursuing peaceful nuclear energy + maintaining credible minimum deterrent 2. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) • Overview: 2000 launched to give all-weather connectivity to rural habitations (500+ population in plains, 250+ in hills/tribals) to reduce poverty & boost socio-economic growth • Objectives: Aims to connect rural areas to market, schools & healthcare • Implementation: Managed by State Govt via Programme Implementation Units w/ funding routed through District Rural Development Agencies; it uses green tech like waste plastic. • Significance & Challenges: Enhances rural access, income & services in remote areas but comes with funding gaps, delays & slow progress

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Pak's Iran balancing act (GS2: IR) 2. MP CM's unfeasible wish: counting snakes, rearing king cobras (GS3: Environment; species to be read for counting, dynasties, issues & plan) PS: Get yourself a space of your own among aspirants, join CSEWhy

Indian Schools of Philosophy (good compilation graphic from drishti)

By the time you wake up in the morning, India will awake to another of FIRST from Neeraj Chopra Guy just hustles away from limelight Hardly anyone knew about his marriage ..and he returns! To win. Wins. Trains. Returns. Wins again. Be like Neeraj. 💪🏻♥️🔥

Pre note: Make your life easier, join @CSEWhy on YT. 🚨20th June | Friday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. Green India Mission (GIM) • Overview: Launched in 2014 under NAPCC, revised roadmap released on June 19, 2025, targets climate change mitigation through forest cover increase and ecological restoration up to 2030. • Focus Areas: Aims to enhance livelihoods of forest-dependent communities, focusing on ecologically critical regions like Aravallis, Western Ghats, Himalayas, and mangroves. • Achievements: Facilitated afforestation across 11.22 million hectares (2015-21) and utilized Rs 575.55 crore of Rs 624.71 crore released (2019-24) for state interventions. • Revised Roadmap: Includes climate impact assessments, targeting restoration in Aravallis, Western Ghats, Himalayas, and mangroves with region-specific practices. • Environmental Challenges: Addresses forest loss (e.g., 12 places in Western Ghats), landslides, dust pollution, and extensive deforestation in Aravallis. • Desertification Combat: 97.85 million hectares degraded (2018-19); GIM aims for 2.5-3 billion tonnes CO2 sequestration by 2030, with 1.89 billion tonnes from 15 million hectares. • Cost and Scope: Estimated Rs 16,053 crore, includes a 1 km buffer zone around Aravallis covering 6.45 million hectares. Implementation: State-specific activities based on ecological vulnerability mapping, supported by scientific institutions. 2. New FASTag Policy • FASTag Basics: Electronic toll system by NHAI & NPCI w/ ₹3,000 annual pass for non-commercial vehicles w.e.f 15/08/25 • Pass Details: 1 year validity, ₹7k saved w/ free NH passage (non transferable) • Activation: Verify vehicle/FASTag, pay ₹ 3,000 via Rajmargyatra app or NHAI website, activates on existing FASTag 3. Mount Denali (Mount McKinley) is the highest peak in North America (6,190 meters), located in the Alaska Range and central to Denali National Park. • Highest peak of N. America in Alaska Range (central to Denali National Park) • 3rd highest of 7 summits (formed due to North American Plate, uplifted 60mn years ago) • Glaciers: Kahiltna & Ruh, it was named Mt. McKinley (renamed in 2015 to honor Koyukon people) & now reverted to Mt. Mckinley in 2025 by POTUS

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Cost of pulses, oil imports (GS3: Agri & trade) 2. Just a lunch (GS2: Balanced take on Trump-Munir lunch) 3. The Missing Mining Drive (GS3: Imp. article on Critical Minerals) PS: Get yourself a space of your own among aspirants, join CSEWhy

Read this patiently, posted this on my Twitter. It will give you immense hope, courage and strength to deal with things. _______________ It’s 4:25 am I sit and stare outside my window looking at a bright skyline June 20, the phone read as I picked it to write this. “Who’d have thought?” I whisper to myself 22 June ‘22 That’s when I made this account 1094 days back. It was still called Twitter then It was diff, you know? I was not the first but among the firsts to get regular & sharing things I learnt in that UPSC journey. Got some early push and boom! In last 3 years, I’ve met all big-time ed-tech people in this country. Consistent Q: how did anyone crack ‘distribution’ on Twitter? Is there even a ‘market’ there? Market? Distribution? Eh? I wonder to myself No no, I wasn’t tweeting with this D-M agenda. I just wanted my voice I was tired of preparing in a single room living alone for over a year by then. It sucked, to say the least. To me, it wasn’t to distribute in market. To me, it was to speak. Feel heard and most importantly, feel less worthless I know it is unhealthy to be this raw. For someone like me who even started anonymously, For someone like me who’s inherently introvert, It is a big deal to be speaking too much about self sharing backstory of what went in building this. Maybe I’d want to delete it when I wake up tomorrow But hey! I’ve a small word for you. It’s been 3 years since I started CSEWhy It took me places. I mean, legit places. People I admired from a distance became friends Places that felt shiny lost the charm People I lost found their way back Places that were conspiracies turned out to be true As I look back on these 3 years, I’m a mere medium. Some supreme power is doing this all through me. Am I the chosen one, then? Neah, that’s a biggie! I think I’ve been just consistent. You know those fancy quotes about consistency? I’ve lived them. In last 3 years, I’ve been places, as I said I’ve been in middle of the sea, and air I’ve been at end of globe, and country I’ve been at a funeral, and birth I’ve been at crisis, and success I’ve been at high tables, and low streets But one thing that I chose to do irrespective of everything: TWEET DAILY Cold winds or spring breeze, Harsh summers or painful rains, Flight delayed or car malfunction, Board of metro or backseat of a bus, High up in hills or downside beaches TWEET DAILY. It’s not a mantra. I just had a passion for numbers and tracked every single analytics. I know I know some would say, mere daily tweeting won’t help. Ofc it doesn’t! Just clearing that analytics matter. Back in the day Twitter gave it for free but ah, sad they charge for it now But yeah, I’ve seen a time where I was convinced I’d die hungry in the streets. I thought I’m least capable of my lineage. Only people who kept patting my back were my mom and dad. I’ve seen them hiding tears, leaving pleasure to be with me and a lot more. Thanks to their hope, it gave me optimism. Funnily, this stupid optimism also compounds and you know what? It brings courage with it. Also comes more of irrational optimism. Today, I know I’m onto building greatness in next decade. Today, I know that ashes of my grands’ will bless me. Today, I know there’s no human off the reach and no dream distant from reality. It’s just a function of time! It’s 4:44 am now as I legit type this without any spell check. Angel number is a mirage but so is my irrational optimism. I am coming for greatness! I am coming for compounding everything that went back ‘dud’ in years that went in UPSC Prep. No! Those weren’t waste years. They brought me to speak to you, dear anon. What does it all mean, tho? Prolly nothing. Remember, I’m just a medium? 😀

Pre note: Subscribe to free CSEWhy blog with your email at blog.csewhy.com 🚨19th June | Thursday🚨

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Playing with fire (GS2: Nuclear Plants in Iran & Ukraine) 2. Revising the GDP base year (GS3: Economy) PS: Get yourself a space of your own among aspirants, join CSEWhy

Pre note: Starting Mains prep? Find GS resources & strategy in this playlist 🚨18th June | Tuesday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. G7; an overview • Overview: Group of seven advanced economies (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, USA) formed in 1975 to address economic stability post-oil crisis. • Evolution: Expanded from G6 to G7 with Canada in 1976; became G8 with Russia (1997-2014), reverting to G7 after Crimea annexation. • 2025 Summit: Hosted by Canada (June 15-17, Kananaskis, Alberta), marking 50th anniversary, focusing on peace, economic stability, and digital transition. • India’s Role: Invited as Outreach Country, participates since 2019, advocating for Global South, enhancing economic and strategic ties. • Significance for India: Boosts trade, counters China’s influence, and positions India as a global mediator in multilateral forums.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. A time to look outward (GS3: Supply Chains, Forward/Backward Linkages) 2. Why war hasn't hit markets (Read for the interlinkage) PS: Notes on initiatives of Gandhi & Bose for Independence here

Kya khoya kya paya, Saal bhar ka hisaab ab tareeke se karna hoga Fir himmat se ab aage badhna hoga Samay hai, tareekh hai, kitaabein hai Chalo, mehnat karte hai. Ek aakhri koshish karte hai!

Pre note: Starting Mains prep? Find GS resources & strategy in this playlist 🚨17th June | Monday🚨

Daily Notes🗒

1. The Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) • Constituted: u/ MoCivil Aviation; cancelled Cochin Aviation’s license (Turkish firm) citing national security due to Turkey’s support for Pakistan post India’s Operation Sindoori. • Legal Framework: Aircraft Rules, 1937 (Bhartiya Vayun Adhiniyam, 2024), Rule 92 mandates clearance; Aircraft Security Rules, 2022 (Rules 11 & 12) allow suspension for non-compliance or security concerns. • Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) - National regulator for civil aviation security, HQ Delhi, led by Director General of Police rank officer. - Estd. 1978 (Pande Committee recommendations), reorganized 1987 under Ministry of Civil Aviation. - Regulates air transport, enforces safety, and aligns with ICAO Annex 17 standards; conducts security checks and drills. • International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO - a UN agency, estd. 1944 via Chicago Convention, regulates global civil aviation. - Sets standards for safety, security, efficiency, and environmental sustainability; defines airspace sovereignty and air freedoms. - HQ: Montreal, Canada; India is one of 193 member states. • State of India's Aviation Sector - 3rd largest domestic market globally, 69% of South Asia’s air traffic; projected 3rd largest passenger market by 2030. - Airports increased from 74 (2014) to 157 (2024), target 350-400 by 2047 2. Quantum entanglement based communication • Overview: Possible to send secure info. over 1km+ w/o wires but by JUST light through open space (free space optical link); an IIT-D & DRDO collab • Importance: Quantum entanglement is powerful connection b/w tiny particles like photon where changing one particle instantly affects the other (even if they are apart) • Use case: Exchanging messages which are impossible to hack; use in ultra secure communication • CSEWhy Note: This also lays foundation for quantum based internet in the future 3. Shipki La Pass Shipki La Pass Opening: Reopened in 2025, boosts tourism and trade in Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh. Historical Significance: Ancient trade route, 3,930m pass, shaped geopolitical tensions with Tibet. Economic Impact: Enhances commerce, strengthens India-Tibet relations, supports local economy. Cultural Exchange: Revives trade of goods, crafts, and traditions between India and Tibet; road to Mansarovar

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recommendations📰

Indian Express 🗞 1. Engaging a divided west (GS2: G7 centric Indian relations) 2. MI6 gets first woman chief (Read diff secret agencies of UK) 3. How India will conduct census? (GS2: Census of India, Policy) PS: Notes on initiatives of Gandhi & Bose for Independence here

yeh jo delhi mein Prelims clear kiye bina 3-4 saal rehte hai, kya padhte hai exactly

For those writing MAINS, UPSC Mains 2025 DAF is out: https://upsconline.gov.in/upsc/OTRP/index.php - Login via OTR details to find latest notification - Fill DAF-I before June 25, 2025