UPSC CSE Why

Pre note: Kya haal hain sabke? Taiyari smooth chal rahi hai na? 🚨 11th March  | Tuesday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Short Selling • Trading strategy based on the expectation that the price of the security will fall • Selling borrowed securities, aiming to buy back at a lower price. • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the principal regulator of the securities market in India 2. Orunodoi Scheme [Assam] • Assam govt to increase coverage under the scheme launched on 2/10/2020. • Selection of the beneficiaries is done at Gaon Panchayat (GP) & Village Council Development Committee (VCDC) • Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): Launched in 2013 subsidies directly to Aadhaar-linked accounts. 3. MDMA • Full Chemical Name: Methylene dioxy methamphet amine • Synthetic psychoactive drug, also called Ecstasy/Molly. • Boosts serotonin, dopamine; causes euphoria, alertness. • Schedule I drug under NDPS Act, 1985 (high abuse, no medical use). 4. Dharma Gaurdian • India-Japan joint military exercise (6th Edition), started at Japan's East Fuji Training Area. • Focuses on joint urban warfare and counter-terrorism under a UN mandate

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫I

Indian Express 📰 1. A field of her own (Editorial) (GS2: Social Justice) 2. When our ancestors started using tools...(Explained) (GS1: Ancient History) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. An India-U.S. trade agreement and the test of WTO laws (Editorial) (GS2: Intl Relations) 2. Flawed food regulations fuel the obesity crisis (Opinion) (GS2: Polity) PS:  Ek jagah sab kuch – notes, tests, revision! CSEWhy App ki nayi App dekhi aapne?

Pre note: Kya haal hain sabke? Taiyari smooth chal rahi hai na? 🚨 11th March  | Tuesday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Short Selling • Trading strategy based on the expectation that the price of the security will fall • Selling borrowed securities, aiming to buy back at a lower price. • Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the principal regulator of the securities market in India 2. Orunodoi Scheme [Assam] • Assam govt to increase coverage under the scheme launched on 2/10/2020. • Selection of the beneficiaries is done at Gaon Panchayat (GP) & Village Council Development Committee (VCDC) • Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): Launched in 2013 subsidies directly to Aadhaar-linked accounts. 3. MDMA • Full Chemical Name: Methylene dioxy methamphet amine • Synthetic psychoactive drug, also called Ecstasy/Molly. • Boosts serotonin, dopamine; causes euphoria, alertness. • Schedule I drug under NDPS Act, 1985 (high abuse, no medical use). 4. Dharma Gaurdian • India-Japan joint military exercise (6th Edition), started at Japan's East Fuji Training Area. • Focuses on joint urban warfare and counter-terrorism under a UN mandate

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫I

Indian Express 📰 1. A field of her own (Editorial) (GS2: Social Justice) 2. When our ancestors started using tools...(Explained) (GS1: Ancient History) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. An India-U.S. trade agreement and the test of WTO laws (Editorial) (GS2: Intl Relations) 2. Flawed food regulations fuel the obesity crisis (Opinion) (GS2: Polity) PS:  Ek jagah sab kuch – notes, tests, revision! CSEWhy App ki nayi App dekhi aapne?

Going for #UPSC Prelims 2025? Aim to attempt ATLEAST 3000 *quality* MCQs in serious exam like environment before May 25, 2025 😎 Will kill your fear of D Day! 💪🏻 (Note: PYQs included in 3k)

Pre note: Now you can easily crack CSAT with 10 Years of CSAT-PYQ analysis on the CSEWhy App!!! 🚨 10th March | Monday 🚨

Mains Keywords 🖋️

1. Preprints • Scientific paper made available to read before it has been sent for consideration by a peer-reviewed scientific journal

Pre notes 📔

1. Hantavirus [Bunyaviridae family] • A zoonotic virus (spreads from animals to humans) • Causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) & Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) • Transmission A. Primarily from rodents B. No human-to-human transmission • Symptoms A. HPS: Fever, muscle aches, shortness of breath, fluid in lungs, organ failure B. HFRS: Fever, headache, abdominal pain, kidney damage, internal bleeding • Found worldwide, mainly in Americas, Europe, and Asia • In India, rare but sporadic cases reported 2. Madhav National Park [📍Shivpuri district, MP] • Falls under the Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest category • Originally a hunting ground for Gwalior royal family & British officers •  🗓️ Declared a national park in 1959 • Named after Madhav Rao Scindia, the erstwhile ruler of Gwalior • Flora & Fauna - Flora: Dry deciduous trees – Teak, Sal, Dhawda, Tendu, Palash. - Fauna: Leopards, wolves, jackals, sloth bears, hyenas, nilgai, chinkara. - Once had tigers, but disappeared 3. Satkosia Tiger Reserve [ 📍Angul, Cuttack, Nayagarh & Boudh in Odisha] • Lies along the Mahanadi River, creating a unique ecosystem • Tropical Moist & Dry Deciduous Forests 4. Tropical Cyclone Alfred • Category 2 storm that impacted southeast Queensland and northern New South Wales in early March 2025 • Formed over the Coral Sea around February 22, 2025 5. Revise EPIC ID card

Mains notes ✍️

1. New inks to curb Counterfeiting • Existing Security Features: Include optically variable inks, holograms, watermarks, raised prints, and digital security elements • New Fluorescent Ink: Scientists from INST Mohali and BARC Mumbai developed an ink using strontium bismuth fluoride (SrBiF) nanoparticles • Unique Property: Unlike existing fluorescent inks, which glow under either UV or IR light, this ink fluoresces under both, enhancing security • Fabrication Process: Scientists modified nanoparticles through deliberate doping, altering their optical properties • How It Works: Under UV light (365 nm), the ink emits red light, while under IR light (980 nm), it glows green, making it hard to replicate

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. India’s obesity problem (Explained page) (GS3: Health) 2. How, why apex court limited the power of arrest…(Explained page) (GS2: SC Judgments) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. India, Mauritius and a visit to deepen long-standing ties (Editorial) (GS2: IR) 2. What does NEP, 2020 state about languages? (Text&Context) (GS2: Policies) P.S: Last 75 days are left. Go full throttle in your prep!🔥

PM Modi, Vantara & PYQs Compiled all PYQs related to Animals that Modi met. https://blog.csewhy.com/p/305-vantara-pm-modi-and-pyqs

Pre note: Good evening, Doston! 🚨 9th March | Sunday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. 100 Day TB elimination campaign • 🗓️ December 7, 2024; aims to intensify efforts to detect and treat TB cases • It spans 347 districts across 33 states and union territories Strategies: A. Early Detection; B. Deployment of AI-enabled handheld X-ray machines; C. Addressing co-morbidities like malnutrition, diabetes for comprehensive care • 6+ lakh TB cases have been notified since the campaign's inception 2.Indian Sustainable Natural Rubber 🗓️ January 21, 2025, in Kottayam, Kerala WHY? To establish globally recognized sustainability standards in natural rubber production, aligning w/ EUDR Key Features: • Provides free certification + training to smallholders • Ensures natural rubber sourcing complies with zero-deforestation commitments • Enhances transparency from farm to factory, assuring global buyers of ethical and sustainable sourcing

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Why has India promised to buy more U.S. oil? (FAQ Page) (GS2: IR) 2. Why are Indian firms racing to build local AI? (FAQ Page) (GS2: SnT) 3. How is a census of river dolphins carried out? (FAQ Page) (GS3: Climate and Species) P.S: Agle hafte ke study plans tayar nahi kiye toh BhAi see karwalo :)

Pre note: Aaj ka din naari shakti ke naam! Happy Women’s Day 🚨 8th March | Saturday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Jan Aushadhi Kendra • Govt-run pharmacies under PMBJP to provide affordable generic medicines • Under Dept. of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers • Ensure quality generic drugs at 50-90% lower prices than branded medicines 2. World Junior Chess Championship • Pranav Venkatesh 2025 title. Others Indian - Harikrishna (2004) & Abhijeet Gupta (2008). • Organized by FIDE – Global tournament for players under 20 years. • India’s First Winner – Viswanathan Anand • An event for young chess prodigies <20yrs, often leading to Grandmaster titles. 3. Vanuatu: Climate-Vulnerable Nation 📍South Pacific, between Australia and Fiji; capital Port Vila on Efate Island. • Volcanic Islands – 13 main islands with active volcanoes like Yasur and Manaro. • Independence (1980) – Former Anglo-French colony (New Hebrides). • Ranked #1 on UN’s World Risk Index, facing sea-level rise twice the global average.

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. A commitment to Nari Shakti (Idea Page) (GS2: Social Justice) 2. A new Rule Book (Editorial) (GS3: Environment) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. An equitable future for women in science, in India (Editorial) (GS2: Social Justice) P.S: CSAT ke PYQs video Analysis coming soon on CSEWhy app

Pre note: Weekend is about to start. Here's how you will revise entire week's CAs. 🚨 7th March  | Friday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Ongole Cattle [Most Expensive Cow] • Indigenous cattle from India, native to the Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. • Named after Ongole town, also called “Nellore” as the area was part of Nellore district. • known for their strength, disease resistance and global use in crossbreeding. • A breed of this cow, Viatina -19 sold at 41 crore at an auction in Brazil 2. Open Market Operations (OMOs) • RBI is set to infuse nearly Rs 1.9 lakh crore into the banking system through OMOs • OMO is conducted by RBI by sale/purchase of govt securities to adjust liquidity • Govt Securities - a bond/debt obligation issued by a govt with a promise of repayment 3. AI Kosha [Part of IndiaAI mission] • Launched by GOI, a platform with datasets, will assist with AI models & tools. • Data sourced from oata platforms, health records, 2011 Census, satellite imagery, and pollution data. • Sarvam-1: 2B-parameter LLM for Indian language translation, and content generation.

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫I

Indian Express 📰 1. Target to limit Global warming to 1.5°C... (Express Network) (GS3: Sc & Tech) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The academic link between Nepal and India (Text&Contect) (GS2: Intl Relations) 2. Women in Corporate leadership, the lived reality (Editorial) (GS2: Social Justice) PS: Have any UPSC queries? Ask me on chat or insights@csewhy.com.

Pre note: Ghabrane ki zarurat nahi hai, ye waqt bhi guzar jaega. 🚨 6th March  | Thursday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Multiple Sclerosis • Chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) • Causes- Genetic factors, Vitamin D and B12 deficiency. • Myelin Basic Protein model protein in studying multiple sclerosis (MS) 2. Golden Dome missile Shield • Initiative by the US government aimed at enhancing national security • Inspired by Israel’s Iron Dome, includes ballistic, hypersonic, and cruise missiles. • The US THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area Defense) system serves as a model for this initiative.

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫I

Indian Express 📰 1. The delimitation promise (Idea Page) (GS2: Polity) 2. Her Panchayat, Infact (idea page) (GS2: Governance) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. A brief history of the Russia-Ukraine war (Text&Context) (GS3: Intl Relations) 2. Who will apologise to the ‘Himalayans’? (Text&Context) (GS:1 World History) PS: Bringing all daily Current Affairs on CSEWhy App for this community. Stay tuned for the update!

Pre note:  Koi shortcut nahi hai, bas consistency hai! 🚨 5th March  | Wednesday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Smoke Bomb • Smoke Bomb thrown in Serbia Parliament • Chemical Reaction: Oxidizer (potassium nitrate) reacts with fuel (sugar), producing heat and gas. • Incomplete combustion releases fine particles, creating visible colored smoke due to Metal salts or dyes decompose 2. Gum Arabic [Used in Cold Drinks, cosmetics] • Natural gum exuded by various species of Acacia trees, Sudan (80%) • In India, Dry rocky hills of southeast Punjab, in the northern Aravalli hills • Neutral or slightly acidic polysaccharide salt containing calcium, magnesium, and potassium. •  It yields L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid after hydrolysis. 3. Offshore Areas Mineral Act, 2022 • Kerala Passes resolution under this act for offshore mining. • This Act (under Development and Regulation ) enable allocating operating rights in offshore areas. • India holds a unique Maritime Position, with an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covering over 2 million sqkm. • Ammendment 2023: Operating rights to be granted to PSUs

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫I

Indian Express 📰 1. Term of co-existence (Editorial) (GS3: Environment) 2. Law, order and AI (Idea page) (GS3: Sc & Tech) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Government talks big on gender budget, delivers little (Opinion) (GS2: Social Justice) 2. Designing India’s AI Safety Institute (Opinion) (GS2: Governance) PS: 81 days left, revision is the key! Need Notes? Go to CSEWhy App

Pre note: Keep 25th May 2025 in focus; Don't deviate from your goal. 🚨 4th March | Tuesday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Gangetic Dolphins [Platanista gangetica gangetica] 📍Found in Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna & Karnaphuli-Sangu river systems (India, Nepal, Bangladesh) • IUCN Status: Endangered • Schedule: Listed in Schedule I of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 • National Aquatic Animal: Declared by India in 2009 Conservation Programs: "Project Dolphin" (announced in 2020 under MoEFCC) • India has 6,327 Gangetic Dolphins 2. Bose Metal [Named after Satyendra Nath Bose] • A unique state of matter that exhibits properties of both metals & superconductor • Conducts electricity like metal but resists entering a fully superconducting state even at very low temperatures 3. SPHEREx [Spectro-Photometer] • NASA space telescope mission; • For? the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer • TO?Study the origins of the universe, galaxy formation, and interstellar ices 🗓️ Planned for 2025 (under NASA’s Medium-Class Explorer program) 4. Gir National Park & Wildlife Sanctuary [ 📍Gujarat; 🗓️1965] • Significance: Last natural habitat of the Asiatic Lion (Panthera leo persica) • Biome: Dry deciduous forest & savannah grasslands • Population: 674 (2020 Census) and rising • IUCN: Endangered • Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972: Schedule I 5. EPIC Numbers [Electors Photo Identity Card] • Issued by ECI • Purpose: Unique identification number assigned to every registered voter in India • First Introduced: 1993 as part of voter ID cards • No two voters have the same EPIC number 6. Revise Olive Ridley Turtle details

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Race to secure copper (Economy page) (GS2/GS3: IR and Economics) 2. India’s agriculture exports (Explained page) (GS3: Agri economy) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Australia, the partner for India’s growth trajectory (Editorial) (GS2: IR) 2. How is China’s foreign policy structured? (Text&Context) (GS2: IR) 3. The implications of treating Virtual Digital Assets as taxable properties (Text&Context) (GS3: Economics) PS: Enjoy and Study. Something Special Coming Soon on CSEWhy App

Friends, I’ve a news! After success of 2009-2024 GS1 Prelims PYQs & Mains 2019-2024 GS PYQs, You can now also get PDF Notes & Video explanations of CSAT 10 year PYQs This will be live on CSEWhy app within this week. Get early push, Download the app: app.csewhy.com

Pre note: Zyada mat socho, bas consistency maintain rakho! 🚨 3rd March | Monday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Euclid Space Telescope • Mission: Study dark matter & dark energy, launched by ESA • 🗓️ 1 July 2023, aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket • Operates from Lagrange Point 2 (L2), ~1.5M km from Earth • Uses weak gravitational lensing & galaxy clustering for dark matter mapping • Covers 1/3 of the sky (~15,000 sq. deg.) over 6 years 2. Einstein Ring • A circular distortion of light from a distant galaxy due to gravitational lensing by a massive foreground object • Concept: Predicted by Albert Einstein’s General Relativity (1915) - gravity bends light like a lens • Formation: Occurs when source, lens, and observer align perfectly 3. Planetary Parade • An astronomical event where multiple planets align in the sky from Earth’s perspective Types: Mini Parade - 3 planets align Small Parade - 4 planets align Large Parade - 5-6 planets align Great Parade - Mercury to Neptune align Recent Events: • June 17, 2023 – 6 planets (Mercury, Uranus, Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, and Pluto) • March 28, 2023 – Jupiter, Mercury, Venus, Uranus, and Mars visible

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian Express 📰 1. The repealed law on dramatic performances...(Explained pg) (GS2: Polity) 2 .Tea leaves can pull heavy metals...(Explained pg) (GS3: Sc & Tech) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The student and the three language debate (Editorial) (GS2: Policies) 2. Centring care in India’s economic policy (Opinion) (GS3: Budget & Economic Policies) PS: Aapki strategy ka kaam kar rahi hai ya nahi? All India Test Series coming soon on App

Pre note: Timely revision and reflection keeps you focused! 🚨 2nd March | Sunday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. BRO (Border Road Organisation) • Responsible for road construction & maintenance in India's border areas • Operates u/ MoD; est. 1960. • Ensures connectivity for strategic, military & civilian purposes • Key projects: DSDBO Road, Zojila Tunnel, Sela Tunnel 2. Anemonefish [Family = Pomacentridae] • Found in warm shallow waters of Indian & Pacific Oceans • Live in symbiotic relationship with sea anemones • Common in coral reefs, esp. in Great Barrier Reef, Andaman Sea, Indo-Pacific • Prefer shallow coastal waters & lagoons 3. H1N1 Influenza A virus [Causes Swine Flu] • 🗓️ 2009 pandemic, WHO declared it a global health emergency • Spreads human-to-human, originally found in pigs • Spreads via airborne droplets, direct contact, contaminated surfaces • Symptoms: Fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

The Hindu 🗞️ 1. What were the objections to new Advocates Bill? (FAQ Page) (GS2: Laws) 2. Why is India staring at an obesity challenge? (FAQ Page) (GS3: Health) PS: Monday morning ka kya plan hai?

Friends, China reported Thorium reserves enough to meet energy needs for next 60,000 years (big claim!!🥶) I spent entire Sunday noon reading about it and making notes Compiled my notes for Thorium and Critical Minerals in a blog post This is your go to resources for all Qs on this topic. Read this blog here

Pre note: Storms are brewing harder! 🚨 1st March | Saturday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. ISRO Aditya L1 • India’s 1st solar observatory to study the Sun from Lagrange Point 1 (L1) (≈1.5 million km from Earth) 🗓️ 2 Sept 2023 via PSLV-C57 from Sriharikota • Placed in a halo orbit around L1 to enable continuous solar observation Objectives: • Study solar corona, solar wind, CME (Coronal Mass Ejections), and their impact on Earth • Monitor magnetic fields & particle flux variations in interplanetary space 2. Auroville ["A Universal Township"] • 🗓️ 28 Feb 1968 near Puducherry by Mirra Alfassa ("The Mother"), spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo • Vision: "A place beyond politics, religion, and national boundaries", fostering human unity & spiritual progress • Backed by UNESCO, endorsed by GOI u/ Auroville Foundation Act, 1988 • Key Features - Matrimandir; - No private property - Self-sustaining model 3. Avalanche [Geographical Phenomena] • Many trapped in Avalanche in Mana, UK (known as Last Village of India) • It is sudden, rapid flow of snow, ice, and debris down a mountain or slope • Weather conditions, slope conditions, snowpack conditions, human activity, and natural events contribute to avalanches. 3. Avian influenza A(H5N1) • Chindwara (MP), Market shut down as 3 cats & a bird found +ve to Avian Flu • H5N1 is a subtype of influenza A, classified by surface proteins, with 18 hemagglutinin and 11 neuraminidase subtypes. • Endangered species like California condors, have been severely affected by H5N1 • Human transmission is rare but possible in poultry-endemic regions.

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Dressed for Success (The Editorial Page) (GS3: Economy) 2. Mela of Unity and Diversity (The idea page) (GS1: Art & Culture) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The necessity of mainstreaming wetland conservation (Editorial) (GS3: Climate) 2. The steps that will shape India’s AI ambition (Editorial) (GS3: SnT) PS: Major surprise for all aspirants coming soon, on the CSEWhy App.

Pre note: Storms are brewing harder! 🚨 1st March | Saturday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. ISRO Aditya L1 • India’s 1st solar observatory to study the Sun from Lagrange Point 1 (L1) (≈1.5 million km from Earth) 🗓️ 2 Sept 2023 via PSLV-C57 from Sriharikota • Placed in a halo orbit around L1 to enable continuous solar observation Objectives: • Study solar corona, solar wind, CME (Coronal Mass Ejections), and their impact on Earth • Monitor magnetic fields & particle flux variations in interplanetary space 2. Auroville ["A Universal Township"] • 🗓️ 28 Feb 1968 near Puducherry by Mirra Alfassa ("The Mother"), spiritual collaborator of Sri Aurobindo • Vision: "A place beyond politics, religion, and national boundaries", fostering human unity & spiritual progress • Backed by UNESCO, endorsed by GOI u/ Auroville Foundation Act, 1988 • Key Features - Matrimandir; - No private property - Self-sustaining model 3. Avalanche [Geographical Phenomena] • Many trapped in Avalanche in Mana, UK (known as Last Village of India) • It is sudden, rapid flow of snow, ice, and debris down a mountain or slope • Weather conditions, slope conditions, snowpack conditions, human activity, and natural events contribute to avalanches. 3. Avian influenza A(H5N1) • Chindwara (MP), Market shut down as 3 cats & a bird found +ve to Avian Flu • H5N1 is a subtype of influenza A, classified by surface proteins, with 18 hemagglutinin and 11 neuraminidase subtypes. • Endangered species like California condors, have been severely affected by H5N1 • Human transmission is rare but possible in poultry-endemic regions.

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Dressed for Success (The Editorial Page) (GS3: Economy) 2. Mela of Unity and Diversity (The idea page) (GS1: Art & Culture) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. The necessity of mainstreaming wetland conservation (Editorial) (GS3: Climate) 2. The steps that will shape India’s AI ambition (Editorial) (GS3: SnT) PS: Major surprise for all aspirants coming soon, on the CSEWhy App.

Pre note: Notes chahiye ye Motivation? 🚨 28th February  | Friday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. EPFO [Employees' Provident Fund Organisation] • Statutory body under the Ministry of Labour & Employment • 🗓️ 1952 (via the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952) • Governing Body: CBT, chaired by Union Labour Minister 2. Olive Ridley Turtle [Lepidochelys olivacea; Family: Cheloniidae] • Status: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List) • Habitat: Warm tropical waters of Indian, Pacific & Atlantic Oceans • Size & Lifespan: ~60-70 cm long, weighs ~40-50 kg, lives 50+ years • Unique Feature: Mass Nesting (Arribada) • Legal Protection: Schedule I species under India’s Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 3. African Giant Pouched Rats [Cricetomys ansorgei (formerly Cricetomys gambianus)] • Family: Nesomyidae (not true rats, more related to hamsters) • Size: Largest muroid rodent, grows up to 90 cm (incl. tail), weighs 1-1.5 kg • Habitat: Sub-Saharan Africa, prefers forests, savannas, agricultural lands; omniverous • Can sniff out TB in human sputum samples, improving diagnostic efficiency 4. Sheikh Mujibur Rehman [Founding Father, Bangladesh] • Detailed about him dropped from Bangladesh school's Textbooks • Led Six-Point Movement, 1971 War, declared Bangladesh’s independence. • Estd a one-party rule in 1975; later assassinated in a military coup on August 15, 1975 • Hailed as Jatir Pita, Bangabandhu (Friend of Bengal) 5. Goods and Services Tax (GST) Acts • SC upholds arrest under GST Act • GST Bill was introduced in 2014 as the 122nd Amendment Bill • Article 246A – States have power to tax goods and services • Article 279A: GST Council, responsible for making changes in GST-related matters

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. Rename Najafgarh, Mughal's altered original name (The City, pg-4) (GS3: Modern History) 2. Not a zero sum game (The editorial page) (GS2: Polity) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. A process where free and fair elections will be a casualty (Editorial) (GS2: Governance) 2. The SEC and Hague Service Convention (Text&Context) (GS2: IR and Policies) PS: Sahi planning = Better revision! 80 days solid Revision Planner coming soon on CSEWhy App

Pre note: Sab set hai na? Ya fir ‘kal se pakka’ wali vibe chal rahi hai? 🚨 27th February  | Thursday 🚨

Pre facts

1. ICMR: Cancer-related mortalities have increased faster among women (1.2%-4.4%) than men (1.2%-2.4%) annually

Pre notes 📔

1. Representation of People Act (1950&1951) • RPA, 1950 – Focus on Election Procedures & Voter Eligibility • Deals with: Delimitation of constituencies, allocation of seats, voter qualifications, and preparation of electoral rolls • Delimitation: Based on last Census; latest by Delimitation Commission (2002) as per 1971 Census (freeze till 2026) • RPA, 1951 – Focus on Conduct of Elections & Disqualifications • Regulates: Election conduct, corrupt practices, offences, and disputes • Sections 8-10: Disqualification grounds—conviction, corruption, office of profit, failure to file election expenditure 2. Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) • EU’s plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 • Ensures imported goods face same carbon costs as EU-made products • From 01/01/26, EU will impose a carbon tax on steel, aluminium, cement, fertilizer, hydrogen, & electricity imports • A carbon tax is a tax on greenhouse gas emissions, usually based on the carbon content of fossil fuels 3. NAAC (National Assessment and Accreditation Council) 🗓1994 by UGC (University Grants ;📍Bengaluru • Objective: Assess & accredit higher education institutions (HEIs) based on quality parameters • Scope: Universities, colleges, autonomous institutions

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian Express 📰 1. Climate of Hostility (Editorial) (GS3: Environment) 2. The power of new Nucelar (The Idea Page) (GS3: Economy) The Hindu 🗞 1. A message to district magistrates and the police (Opinion page) (GS2: Laws) 2. Why are PwDs worried about DPDP rules? (Text&Context) (GS2: Acts and Laws) 3. Coal-fired power plants in India cut rice, wheat yield by up to 10% (Science page) (GS3: Climate) PS: Tayari ka sach pata chalega! All India Test Series coming soon on CSEWhy App!

Pre note: Hey UPSC aspirants! Daily CA time, let’s go! 🚨 26th February  | Wednesday 🚨

Pre notes 📔

1. Women arrest in BNSS • Ruling: restriction on arresting women at night (Section 46(4) CrPC) is directory, not mandatory • In news: A woman was arrested at 8 PM; challenged in court Safeguards: • No arrest after sunset and before sunrise except in exceptional cases • Prior permission from a woman police officer + magistrate • Male officers shouldn’t touch the woman unless circumstances demand it Why the Provision is Not Mandatory: • “exceptional circumstances” isn’t defined clearly • If it were mandatory, the law would have specified penalties for non-compliance • Courts recognized that rigid adherence may let criminals escape 2. Tropical Year vs Calendar Year • A tropical year is 365.242199 days long • A normal calendar year has 365 days, causing a loss of 0.242199 days annually • Julius Caesar introduced a 4 year cycle where the fourth year had 366 days • This overestimated the year by 11 minutes and 14 seconds, accumulating to 5.1204 days in 400 years • Pope Gregory XIII (1582) corrected this by dropping three days every 400 years • Rule: Century years must be divisible by 400 to be leap years 3. Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) • Genetic condition, affects motor neurons that control movement • 5 subtypes of SMA- type 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. classify them based on the age of onset. • Caused by mutations in motor neuron gene (SMN1), results in deficiency in motor neuron protein.

@CSEWhy recommendations 🧑‍🏫

Indian express 📰 1. RBI moves to boost credit flow to NBFCs... (Economy page) (GS3: Economy) 2. For the firts time, a genetic disorder... (Explained Page) (GS3: Sc & Tech) The Hindu 🗞️ 1. Human smuggling must engage Parliament’s attention (Editorial) (GS2: Social issues) 2. Should a third language be compulsory? (Text&Context) (GS2: Policies) PS: CSEWhy App par Monthly CA Compilation jaldi aa raha hai, stay tuned!