UPSC CSE Why

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@CSEWhy Times – Sep 18, 2026 | Friday

Pre & Mains Notes

1. PM Vishwakarma Completes Three Years WHAT HAPPENED The PM Vishwakarma Scheme, launched on 17 September 2023, completed three years of implementation. The scheme supports traditional artisans through skill training, tools, concessional credit and market linkages. CORE ISSUE Formalising and strengthening the livelihoods of traditional, self-employed artisans. KEY DETAILS Outlay: ₹13,000 crore for FY 2023–24 to FY 2027–28; covers 18 traditional trades. Samman–Samarthya–Samriddhi: Recognition, skill development/toolkits and concessional credit & market support. Credit: Collateral-free loans up to ₹1 lakh + ₹2 lakh in two tranches at 5% interest. Progress: 30 lakh beneficiaries verified; 24+ lakh trained and 18+ lakh toolkits delivered. WHY IT MATTERS Connects informal artisans with the formal MSME ecosystem, institutional credit and digital markets. It also seeks to preserve traditional skills while improving artisans’ income opportunities. 2. EPFO Wage Ceiling Raised to ₹25,000 WHAT HAPPENED Union Cabinet approved raising the EPFO mandatory wage ceiling from ₹15,000 to ₹25,000 per month. The move expands automatic social-security coverage for formal-sector workers. CORE ISSUE Expanding social-security coverage in line with rising wages and living costs. KEY DETAILS Legal Basis: Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952; applies to establishments with 20+ employees. Three Benefits: EPF (retirement), EPS-95 (pension) and EDLI (life insurance up to ₹7 lakh). Coverage Expansion: About 51 lakh employees earning ₹15,000–₹25,000 will enter mandatory coverage. EPS Contribution: Monthly contribution cap rises from ₹1,250 to ₹2,083; Centre’s annual EPS support rises by ₹1,089 crore. WHY IT MATTERS Expands formal-sector workers’ access to retirement savings, pension and insurance. It also strengthens social-security coverage amid rising wages and inflation.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recos

Indian Express 1. Dis/agree: In the wake of the Satya Niketan tragedy, how should Delhi's student-housing crises be tackled? (Must read weekly article to understand best of both sides; read for GS 2 governance) 2. Orangutans in Odisha: The laws governing animal trade and repatriation (Read for GS 3 - Environment) 3. How melting glaciers could 'put 20% of GDP at risk' (Imp. read for GS 3 Environment) The Hindu 📰 1. Does the BRICS summit signify a shift for Indian foreign policy? (Imp. read for GS 2 IR) 2. What is the Uniform Civil Code debate? (Read for GS 2) 3. Who has to pay MDR on UPI and who stands to gain the most? (Read for GS 3) Subscribe to my free blog: blog.csewhy.com

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@CSEWhy Times – Sep 17, 2026 | Thursday

Pre & Mains Notes

1. Pygmy Hog Conservation WHAT HAPPENED The pygmy hog, India’s smallest wild pig, faces severe habitat and population threats. Conservation efforts are focusing on captive breeding, reintroduction and protection of its grassland habitat. CORE ISSUE Conserving a critically threatened species dependent on high-quality grassland ecosystems. KEY DETAILS - Habitat: Tall, wet alluvial grasslands of Assam and neighbouring regions. - Threats: Grassland conversion, invasive plants, fire, grazing and habitat fragmentation. - Conservation: Captive breeding and reintroduction under the Pygmy Hog Conservation Programme (1996). - Population: About 250 individuals in 2025, mainly in Assam’s protected areas. WHY IT MATTERS The pygmy hog is an indicator species of healthy grassland ecosystems. Its conservation also protects biodiversity and floodplain grassland habitats. 2. Global Gender Gap Index 2026 WHAT HAPPENED The World Economic Forum released the Global Gender Gap Index 2026, its 20th anniversary edition. India ranked 131st out of 145 countries, with 64.5% of its gender gap closed. CORE ISSUE Measuring global progress towards gender parity across economic, educational, health and political dimensions. KEY DETAILS 4 Subindexes: Economic Participation, Educational Attainment, Health & Survival, Political Empowerment. Global Gap: 69.2% closed; full parity could take 120 years at the current pace. India: Political Empowerment (67th); Economic Participation remains weaker at 41.2%. Top/Bottom: Iceland (1st, 93%); Chad (145th), with Iran and Pakistan among the lowest. WHY IT MATTERS Highlights persistent gender gaps in economic participation and decision-making, despite gradual global progress. Women hold only 19.1% of CEO roles and fewer than one-fifth of AI engineering positions globally.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recos

Indian Express 1. Let's curb misuse of a legal relic that elevates the mob over the individual (by Shashi Tharoor; skim read) 2. Along the coasts and in the sea, the dawn of a sunrise sector (by Vice President; read for GS 3 - Blue Economy) The Hindu 📰 1. Mining amendment is unfair to States (Read for GS 2 Centre-state relations) 2. What India’s growth really means (Read for GS 3 Economy) 3. What lies beyond India’s E20 push (Read for GS 3 Energy Security) Subscribe to my free blog: blog.csewhy.com

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@CSEWhy Times – Sep 16, 2026 | Wednesday

Pre & Mains Notes

1. UPI Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) on High-Value Transactions WHAT HAPPENED NPCI has introduced a 0.4% MDR on merchant UPI transactions above ₹2,000 from October 15, 2026. The revised framework aims to support the financial sustainability of India’s digital-payment ecosystem. CORE ISSUE Balancing free UPI payments with rising costs of maintaining digital-payment infrastructure. KEY DETAILS MDR Slabs: ₹2,001–₹74,999 → 0.4%; ₹75,000+ → fixed ₹300. Small Merchants: No MDR for merchants with monthly bank-account receipts up to ₹1 lakh. P2P Payments: Person-to-person UPI transactions remain free. MDR Fund: 5% of MDR revenue will fund support for small merchants accepting UPI. WHY IT MATTERS MDR revenue can finance technology, cybersecurity and infrastructure upgrades in digital payments. The framework seeks to expand UPI adoption while protecting small merchants and consumers.

@CSEWhy Newspaper Recos

Indian Express 1. After BRICS, its time to navigate the realities of great power rivalries (Read for GS 2 Governance) 2. Why rising US govt bond yields are worry for world (Imp. read for GS 3 Economy; it'll help to understand important keywords of economy that are asked in prelims) The Hindu 📰 1. Decoding India’s GDP base revision (Read for GS 3 Economy) 2. Youth discontent and the changing face of protest (Read for GS 2) 3. Why public intellectuals matter in present-day India (Skim read) Subscribe to my free blog: blog.csewhy.com

Aaj bhi kuch UPSC aspirant 3Js girvi rakhte Jewar, Jameen aur Janwar 4th J bhi hai jo har aspirant girvi rakhta hai Jawani

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