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2. What type of fluid is preferred for restoring intravascular volume in shock?
1. Which of the following is a primary goal of fluid therapy in critically ill patients?
20. Which drug is NOT generally helpful in treating ICP caused by cerebral infarction?
19. When should tracheostomy be considered in brain-injured patients?
18. What is a possible side effect of hyperventilation therapy in brain injury?
17. Which is a component of Monroe-Kellie doctrine?
16. What structure is used to both monitor and treat elevated ICP?
15. What is the safe serum sodium range targeted in hypertonic saline therapy?
14. Which value of serum osmolality is a concern during mannitol therapy?
13. What is the role of barbiturates in managing increased ICP?
12. Which of the following is NOT part of Cushing’s triad?
11. Which condition is a contraindication for prolonged hyperventilation?
10. What is the optimal head elevation angle to reduce ICP?
9. What is the purpose of using mannitol in elevated ICP?
8. Which agent should be avoided during intubation due to its potential to increase ICP?
7. What is the target PaCO₂ in brain-injured patients without ICP elevation?
6. What PaO₂ range should be maintained in brain-injured patients?
5. At what ICP value is intracranial hypertension defined?
4. What is the normal value of intracranial pressure (ICP)?
