مُحللـون / Analysts

Q//2 ✨️النقطه الثانيه✨️ ●Vitamin B12 : Requirement: 1-2 μg Sources: Animal sources (liver, meat, fish, and dairy products). Store: in the liver about 2-3 mg (sufficient for 2-4 years). Folate : Requirement: 100-150 μg. Sources: Animal foods (especially liver) and greens. Stores: 10-12 mg (sufficient for 4 months).

Q//2 ✨️النقطه الأولى✨️ ●Beta-thalassemia intermedia Individuals with thalassemia intermedia have milder than thalassemia major, have milder anemia and do not require or only occasionally require transfusion. patients present between the ages of 2 and 6 years and although they are capable of surviving without regular blood transfusion. ● Beta-thalassemia minor Carriers of thalassemia minor are usually clinically asymptomatic but sometimes have a mild anemia. Thalassemia minor is characterized by increased Hb A2 level.Thalassemia minor usually causes an increase in the number of red blood cells, but because they are small, it results in a decrease hematocrit

Q//1 ✨️النقطه الثانيه✨️ 1- The patient may be mildly jaundiced (yellow). 2- Glossitis, angular stomatitis. 3- Loss of weigh 4- Vitamin B12 neuropathy: Severe B12 deficiency can cause neuropathy affectingthe peripheral sensory nerves and the spinal cord. Patient notices tingling in thefeet and difficulty in walking. 5- Congenital neural defect: Folate or B12 deficiency in the mother predisposes to a congenital neural defect in the fetus.

Q//1 ✨️النقطه الأولى✨️ 1- HbSS : People who have this form of SCD inherit two sickle cell genes (“S”), one from each parent. This is commonly called sickle cell anemia and is usually the most severe form of the disease. 2-HbSC : People who have this form of SCD inherit a sickle cell gene (“S”) from one parent and from the other parent a gene for an abnormal hemoglobin called “C”. Hemoglobin is a protein that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen to all parts of the body. This is usually a milder form of SCD. 3- HbS beta thalassemia : People who have this form of SCD inherit one sickle cell gene (“S”) from one parent and one gene for beta thalassemia, another type of anemia, from the other parent. 4- HbSD, HbSE, and HbSO : People who have these forms of SCD inherit one sickle cell gene (“S”) and one gene from an abnormal type of hemoglobin (“D”, “E”, or “O”). 5- Sickle Cell Trait (SCT) HbAS : People who have SCT inherit one sickle cell gene (“S”) from one parent and one normal gene (“A”) from the other parent. This is called sickle cell trait (SCT). People with SCT usually do not have any of the signs of the disease and live a normal life, but they can pass the trait on to their children.

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اسئلة سـموم ن مؤجلين Q1/ مقارنة بين A_ endotoxin & exotoxin B_ biological toxin & chemical toxin Q2/ من الجدول بالمحاضرة الاخيرة والجدول بالمحاضرة الثالثة ١_ cholera 2_ diphtheria 3_ anthrax 4_ tetanus ٥_ listerialysine ٦_ pneumonia Q3/ roles of receptor in toxin action And enumera type style of arrangement Q4/ immunological and biochemical(أعتقد) Of lps or O antigen

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