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*CHEMISTRY OBJ*
1. B.
2. C.
3. B.
4. D.
5. C.
6. A.
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. B
15.A
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. A
20. A
21. B
22.B
23.C
24. B
25. B
26. C
27. A
28. D
29. A
30. D
31. C
32. C
33. A
34. D
35. B
36. C
37. A
39. A
40. C
41. B
42. B
43. B
44. C
45. D
46. C
47. D
48. C
49. D
50.D
*CHEMISTRY OBJ*
1. B.
2. C.
3. B.
4. D.
5. C.
6. A.
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. B
11. C
12. A
13. C
14. B
15.
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. A
20. A
21. B
24. B
25. B
26. C
27. A
28. D
29. A
30. D
31. C
32. C
33. A
34. D
35. B
36. C
37. A
39. A
40. 3
41. B
EXAM WAEC 2024 EXPO:
*SECTION B*
NUMBER 2
### 2. (a
1. Deliquescence:
Deliquescence is the process by which a substance absorbs moisture from the atmosphere until it dissolves in the absorbed water and forms a solution.
2. Efflorescence:
Efflorescence is the process by which a hydrated salt loses its water of crystallization to the atmosphere, causing the substance to become powdery or form a crust on its surface.
### (ii)
1. Deliquescence:
An example of a substance that undergoes deliquescence is calcium chloride (CaCl₂).
2. Efflorescence:
An example of a substance that undergoes efflorescence is washing soda (sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na₂CO₃·10H₂O).
###(b) (i)
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion in its ground state. It is a measure of how strongly an atom holds onto its electrons and is usually expressed in electron volts (eV) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).
*CHEMISTRY*
(2a)
(I)Deliquescence is the process by which a substance absorbs moisture from the atmosphere until it dissolves in the absorbed water and forms a solution. This typically occurs with hygroscopic substances that have a high affinity for water.
(II)Efflorescence is the process by which a substance loses water to the atmosphere, resulting in the formation of a powdery surface deposit. This occurs when the vapor pressure of the water in the hydrated salt is greater than the partial pressure of water vapor in the air.
(2aii)
(I)Deliquescence: Calcium chloride (CaCl₂)
(II)Efflorescence: Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O)
(2bi)
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom or ion in its ground state. The first ionization energy refers to the energy needed to remove the first electron, while subsequent ionization energies refer to the removal of additional electrons.
(2bii)
The second ionization energy of sodium is greater than the first because, after the first electron is removed, the remaining electrons are closer to the nucleus and experience a stronger attractive force. Removing a second electron requires more energy as it disrupts the stable, noble gas configuration left behind.
(2ci)
Charles' Law states that the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature, provided the pressure remains constant. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
V/T = k
(2cii)
Draw a diagram
Repost from NECO / JUPEB ANSWERS
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4b
1. Mining: Tin ore, usually cassiterite (SnO2), is mined from the Earth’s crust using methods such as open-pit mining or underground mining.
2. Concentration: The mined ore is crushed and ground to liberate the tin minerals from the surrounding rock. Then, gravity separation techniques are often used to concentrate the tin-bearing minerals.
3. Smelting: The concentrated tin ore is then heated in a furnace with carbon (usually in the form of coal) to reduce the tin oxide (SnO2) to metallic tin (Sn). This process typically occurs at high temperatures in the range of 1200 to 1500 degrees Celsius.
4. Refining: The crude tin obtained from smelting may contain impurities such as iron, copper, and lead. Therefore, the crude tin is refined through processes like liquation or electrolytic refining to obtain high-purity tin.
5. Casting and Fabrication: The refined tin is cast into ingots or other desired shapes, which can then be used for various applications such as soldering, plating, or manufacturing tin-based alloys.
