LAW Notes Llb Notes Judiciary Notes

🎯 Steps In a Civil Case🎯6 Steps:-- Step 1- Complaint plaintiff/ defendant, describes suit. Step 2- Summons sent by court to defendant Step 3- Discovery find evidence in the case by both the defendant and the plaintiff Step 4- Settlement either side has a chance to settle the issue before going to court, or use an arbitrator (Most cases decided before court) Step 5- Trial right to a jury, most decided by judge Step 6- Appeal if defendant loses, has right to appeal Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

🎯 Steps In a Criminal Case🎯8 Steps:-- 1st step Investigation and Arrest: Police investigate what appears to be a crime. Police take evidence to a judge to obtain an arrest warrant. Police then arrest person, take them to a police station, and the charges are recorded. 2nd step Initial Appearance: When someone is arrested, they must be brought before a judge as quickly as possible to be charged. Judge explains charges to the defendant and reads the person their rights. 3rd step Preliminary Hearing or Grand Jury: In federal courts, cases go to a Grand Jury and the Grand Jury determines if their is enough evidence to "hand up" an indictment, or formal charge. 4th step Plea Bargaining: 90% of criminal cases come to an end with a guilty plea because of plea bargaining. In the pretrial process, the prosecutor, defense lawyer, and police work out an agreement through which the defendant pleads guilty to a lesser (or fewer crimes) in return for the government not prosecuting the more serious crimes. 5th step arraignment and pleas: At the arraignment, the judge reads the formal charge against the defendant in court. Defendant enters one of four pleas: Not guilty Not guilty by reason of insanity Guilty, or in some states No contest 6th step: The Trial If the plea is "not guilty" the next stage is trial. Once the jury is selected, the prosecution presents its case, then the defense presents. Both attorneys will make closing arguments that summarize their case. 7th step: The Decision (verdict): After closing arguments. the jury discusses wether or not the defendant is guilty "beyond all reasonable doubt. 8th step: Sentencing: If the defendant is not guilty, they are released immediately. If they are guilty, the judge usually determines the sentence. Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

🎯 Litigation Process & Important Terms🎯 Plaintiff The party who files a complaint that initiates a lawsuit. Defendant A party who is being sued. Complaint A document (Petition) a plaintiff files with the court and serves (summons) on the defendant to initiate a lawsuit. Pleadings The paperwork that is filed with the court to initiate and respond to a lawsuit. Motion to Dismiss A pleading that indicates that the jurisdiction is improper, fails to state a claim, or "statute of limitations" . Filed by defendant Answer A pleading that includes "affirmative defenses". Filed by defendant. Counterclaim/Third party claim A pleading that a defendant files back to the Plaintiff. Reply A pleading that a plaintiff uses if a counterclaim was filed. Other pleadings Intervention, Interpleader, Consolidation, Class Action Lawsuits, Injunctions, Specific Performance and other Equitable relief Written Discovery Interrogatories, Request for Documents/Admission/Physical/Mental/Inspect property. Depositions Oral testimony given by a party or witness prior to trial. The testimony is given under oath and is transcribed. Expert Witnesses A person who by virtue of education/training is believed to have expertise beyond that of the average person. Witnesses provide disclosures and depositions. Motion for Summary Judgment Ask court to decide case in your favor without a trial. Standard-where there are no material facts in dispute and party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Motion in Limine A pretrial motion to decide whether the jury should hear certain evidence. Trial Order -Step 1 Jury "Selection"-"Voire Dire" Trial Order-Step 2 Opening statements (plaintiff then defendant) Trial Order-Step 3 Plaintiff's Case (plaintiff's witnesses and documents and cross-exam by defendant) Trial Order-Step 4 Defendant's Case (defendant's witnesses and documents and cross-exam by plaintiff) Trial Order-Step 5 Rebuttal by Plaintiff Trial Order-Step 6 Closing arguments Decision-Step 1 Court gives "instructions" to Jury Decision-Step 2 Jury Deliberates Decision-Step 3 Jury reaches decision="Verdict" Decision-Step 4 Court then enters "Judgment" on Verdict Decision-Step 4a Court may grant new trial, a verdict for the other side ("JNOV") or decrease/increase the amount of the verdict ("Remittitur" or "Addititur") Remittitur When a judge decreases the amount of the verdict Addititur When a judge increases the amount of the verdict JNOV-Judgment notwithstanding the verdict A judgment issued by a judge that overturns the verdict of the jury if the judge finds jury bias or misconduct Judgment The decision of the judge in a trial usually based on the verdict of the jury; the judge may enter a judgment if there is no jury. Collection of Judgment Winning case does not ensure payment Should consider ability to collect prior to filing Cost to collect may exceed amount of judgment Method to Collect- #1 Obtain lien on real property Method to Collect-#2 Seize personal property Method to Collect-#3 Garnish bank accounts Method to Collect-#4 Garnish wages Method to Collect-#5 Enforcement of Judgment in another state May be limited by exemptions or limitations est. by state law (Homestead exemption) Litigation The process of bringing, maintaining, and defending a lawsuit. Negotiation/Informal settlement A term that describes the transfer of negotiable instruments to subsequent transferees. Mediation A form of alternative dispute resolution in which the parties use a mediator to assist to possibly reach a settlement of their dispute. Mediation process 1. Little formality 2. No witnesses or cross-exam 3. No evidentiary restrictions 4. No decision by mediator-cannot compel outcome 5. Statements made/Information provided generally not admissible at trial Arbitration A form of alternative dispute resolution in which the parties choose an impartial third party to hear and decide their dispute. Preferred by Defendants because less costly and less chance of runaway verdict. Arbitration process 1. Discovery limited 2. Hearing with witness

✳️ भारतीय दंड संहिता में निम्नलिखित 10 धाराओं में मृत्यु दंड दिया जा सकता है👇👇 121-देशद्रोह 132-सिफाई विद्रोह 194-मृत्यु से दंडनीय अपराध के लिए दोषसिद्धि कराने के आशय से मिथ्या साक्ष्य देना या गढ़ना 302-हत्या के लिए दंड 303-आजीवन सिद्धदोष द्वारा हत्या के लिए दंड 305-शिशु या उन्मक्त व्यक्ति की आत्महत्या का दुष्प्रेरण 307-हत्या का प्रयास 364(A)-फिरौती के लिए हत्या 376(A)-पीड़िता की मृत्यु या लगातार विक्रतशील दशा कारित करने के लिए दंड 376(E)-पुनरावृत्तिकर्ता अपराधो के लिए दंड 396-हत्या सहित डकैती Join us @LAW_Notes_Llb_Notes

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