UPSC preparation with Kunal

Major Elements of the Basic Structure Doctrine 1. Supremacy of the Constitution Constitution is the supreme law of the land. All organs of the State are bound by it. 2. Sovereignty of India India is an independent and sovereign nation. No external authority can control it. 3. Republican and Democratic Form of Government Head of State is elected. Government is accountable to the people. 4. Secularism Equal respect for all religions. State has no official religion. 5. Federal Character Distribution of powers between Union and States. 6. Unity and Integrity of the Nation Territorial and political unity must be preserved. 7. Separation of Powers Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary perform separate functions. 8. Rule of Law No one is above the law. Equality before law. 9. Judicial Review Courts can examine the constitutionality of laws and executive actions. 10. Independence of the Judiciary Judiciary must remain free from executive and legislative influence. 11. Harmony between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles Neither should destroy the other. 12. Free and Fair Elections Essential for democracy. 13. Parliamentary System of Government Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. 14. Limited Power of Constitutional Amendment Parliament cannot destroy the Constitution's identity. 15. Effective Access to Justice Citizens must be able to seek legal remedies. 16. Welfare State State should work towards social and economic justice. 17. Dignity of the Individual Protection of human dignity and liberty. 18. Equality Equality before law and equal protection of laws. 19. Balance between Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties Rights and duties should coexist harmoniously. 20. Free and Independent Judiciary Judges should decide cases without external pressure.