UPSC Environment Ecology Prelims National Parks

🔘Genetically Modified Crops ▫️About - Genetic modification involves adding specific DNA to a plant's genome. - Creates transgenic crops with new or enhanced traits. 🔹Objectives - Increase crop yield. - Enhance herbicide tolerance. - Improve nutritional value. - Provide resistance to diseases and drought. ▫️Global Cultivation - Leading countries: USA, Brazil, Argentina, India, Canada. - Major GM crops: Soybean, maize, cotton, canola. 🔹GM Crops in India - Bt cotton: Only approved GM crop (90% of India's cotton acreage). - Ht Bt cotton: Resistant to glyphosate. - DMH-11 mustard: Recommended for high yield. - Golden rice: Enhanced with Vitamin A. ▫️Concerns - High cost of GM seeds. - Non-viable offspring from GM seeds. - Insect-resistant crops may harm non-target species. - Intermixing with natural plants affects intrinsic values. 🔹GM Crop Regulation - Statutory Provisions - Governed by the Rules for Manufacture, Use, Import, Export, and Storage of Hazardous Microorganisms, 1989, under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. - Statutory Bodies - Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) under MoEF&CC. - Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC). - Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC). - Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM). - State Biotechnology Coordination Committee (SBCC). 🔹Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2000) - Aims to protect biodiversity from risks posed by living modified organisms due to biotechnology. - India is a signatory.

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Mangrove forests

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🔘Greater Adjutant Stork In News Dr Purnima Devi Barman from India has been awarded the 2024 Whitley Gold Award (dubbed ‘Green Oscar’) by the UK charity Whitley Fund for Nature (WFN) for her efforts to save the Greater Adjutant Stork (Hargila). About ▪️ Distribution: Known as ‘Hargila,’ primarily found in Assam (80%) and Bihar, India, and Cambodia. ▪️Habitat: Wetlands, nests in tall trees with closed canopies and bamboo clumps. ▪️Threats: Hunting, habitat destruction, felling of nest trees, and wetland degradation. ▪️Conservation Status: IUCN: Nearly Threatened (NT). ▪️Significance: The Greater Adjutant Stork plays a vital role in nutrient recycling

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