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Analog signals are much affected by external noise and create errors in the output signal. But digital signals are susceptible to noisy environments and hence digital sensors are preferred over analog ones. Problem with digital sensors: Digital sensors have low calculation range. For example, digital temperature sensors such as HYT 271 and SHT series have lower temperature range. But analog temperature sensors (RTD) have higher resolution (positive and negative temperature). This feature makes analog sensors suitable for wide temperature range and stability. 

Analog sensors are made up of analog components like resistor, capacitor, Operational amplifiers, diodes and transistors. Digital sensors consist of logic gates and microcontroller chips. 

Digital Sensors: Unlike analog sensor, Digital Sensor produce discrete values (0 and 1’s). Discrete values often called digital (binary) signals in digital communication.

Classification of Sensors Microcontroller accepts two types of inputs depending up on the type of sensor i.e. analog or digital. Analog sensor  👉 senses the external parameters (wind speed, solar radiation, light intensity etc.) and gives analog voltage as an output. 👉 The output voltage may be in the range of 0 to 5V.  👉 Logic High is treated as “1” (3.5 to 5V)  👉 Logic Low is indicated by “0” (0 to 3.5 V).

What is a Sensor and How does it Work? Sensor is a module or chip that observes the changes happening in the physical world and sends the feedback to the microcontroller or microprocessor. Excitation (Power supply) and Grounding must be provided to the sensor for the proper working.

Sensors: Sensors have become an integral part of the embedded system. Right from your mobile to security systems installed at home. They are also becoming important for meteorological stations to predict weather parameters like temperature, pressure, humidity, and many more.

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19) What are the uses of the keyword volatile? Volatile keyword is used to prevent compiler to optimize a variable which can change unexpectedly beyond compiler's comprehension. Suppose, we have a variable which may be changed from scope out of the program, say by a signal, we do not want the compiler to optimize it. Rather than optimizing that variable, we want the compiler to load the variable every time it is encountered. If we declare a variable volatile, compiler will not cache it in its register.