متاح الآن! بحث تيليغرام 2025 — أهم رؤى العام 
Physics Notes Class 11th 12th
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| 11 | ✅ QUICK REVISION ✅
✅ FORMULAS ✅
🎯1. Formulas related to force:
🔰F = ma
🔰F = kx
🔰F = m(vf² - vi²/2S)
🔰F = mv/t
🔰F = md/t²
🔰F = m(vf - vi)/t
🔰F = Area × density × velocity²
🔰F = 1/2 mv²/d
🔰F = 1/2 Pv/d
🔰F = Power/velocity
🔰Fc = mv²/r
🔰Fc = mrw²
🔰Fc/2 = mv²/2r
🔰Fc = 2K.E/r
🔰F = Area × Stress
🔰F = pir² × stress
🔰F = YA × Strain
🔰F = YAl/L
🔰F = pressure × area
🔰F = change in momentum × time interval
🔰F = - 2mVx × Vx/2l
🔰F2 = F1/A1 × A2
🔰F = qE
🔰F = kQ/r²
🔰F = ILB sintheta
🔰F = q (v × B)
🔰F = qE + q(v × B)
🎯2. Formulas related to energy and work
👉Fd = k.e
👉mgh = 1/2 mv²
👉E = 1/2 kx²
👉E = Ve
👉E = nhf
👉E = nhc/lambda
👉E = Pc
👉K.e = hf - work function = hf - hf° = hf - hc/w° (here w° is cutt off wavelength)
👉E = 1/2 Pv
👉mv²/2r= Fc/2
👉K.E/r = Fc/2
👉K.E = Fc×/r/2
👉K.e = 1.5 KT
👉E = VQ
👉E = Power × time
👉E = Fvt
👉% loss in K.e = v1² - v2²/v1² × 100
👉% loss in P.e = h1² - h²/h1² × 100
👉Energy lost due to air friction(Fh) = 1/2mv² - mgh (when body is thrown upward)
👉Energy lost due to air friction(FS) = mgh - 1/2mv² (when body is thrown downward)
👉E = 1/2 CV² (capacitor)
👉E = R × hc (R is Rydberg' constant)
J = m-¹ × Js ms-¹
👉hf kalpha x rays = EL - Ek
hf kbeta x rays = EM - Ek
👉Binding energy = mass defect × c²
👉W = Fd Costheta
👉W = nmgh (when person is climbing stairs)
👉W = n(m+m) gh (when person is climbing stairs with some load)
👉W = 0mgh + 1mgh + 2mgh + 3mgh ....... (in case of stacking bricks. For ist brick h=0. For 2nd brick h=1. For 3rd brick h=2 and so on)
👉W = Fd = PA × change in V
👉W = Q - change in U
👉Q = mc × change in T
T/273.16 = Q/Q3 (Thermodynamic scale)
👉W = I²Rt
👉W = emf×charge
👉W = VQ
👉W = 1/2 lF
👉W = YAl²/2L
👉W = StressAl²/2Strain
👉W = PressureAl²/2Strain
👉W = Fl²/2Strain
🎯3. Formulas related to Power
💥P = Fv
💥P = E/t
💥P = n(mgh/t)
💥P = Fd/t
💥P = mv²/2t
🎯4. Formulas related to distance, displacement, velocity and accelration
📝d = vt
📝d = at²
📝d = (vf + vi/2) ×t
📝d = 5t² (for distance in 'n' seconds)
📝d = 5(2tn - 1) (for distance in 'nth' second)
📝d = 1/2 mv²/F
📝d = vit + 5t²
📝d = v × underroot 2H/g
📝d = vt = x°wt = x°2pi/T × t = x°2pift
📝x = x° Sin wt
📝x = x° Sin (underroot k/m) t
vf = vi + at
📝2as = vf² - vi²
📝2as = (vi + at)² - vi²
📝2as = vf² - (vf - at) ²
📝v = underroot Vfx² + Vfy²
📝v = Power/Force
📝v = 2×K.E/momentum (k.e = 1/2 Pv)
📝v² = 2×Power×time/mass (P = mv²/2t)
v = underroot 2as
v = underroot gr (speed at highest point in a verticle circle)
v = underroot 5gr (speed at lowest point in a verticle circle)
📝v² = 2FS/m
📝v² = 2E/m
📝v² = 2Ve/m
📝v = eBr/m (velocity of particle under action of magnetic force along circular path)
📝v² = Force/Area.Density
📝v = w underroot x°² - x²
📝v = underroot k/m × underroot x°² - x²
📝v = x°w (at mean position where x=0)
📝v = x° underoot k/m
📝v = v° underroot 1 - x²/x°² (for determining ratio b/w inst. Velocity and maxi. Velocity)
📝v= x°2pif = x°2pi/T
📝a = x°w² = x°w.w = vw = v.2pif
Common velocity = m1v1/m1+m2
📝vi² = Rg/Sin2theta
📝v = underoot Tension×length/mass
📝V = 2pi ke²/nh (speed of e- in nth orbit)
📝Vn = V/n
📝v = nh/2pimr (lambda = 2pir and lambda=h/p)
📝ma = kx
📝a = kx/m (SHM)
📝a = - gx/l (Simple pendulum)
📝ac = v²/r
🎯5. Formulas related to wavelength 'w'
❌w = v/f
❌w = 1/wave number
❌w1 = 2l (when pipe is opened at both ends)
❌w1 = 4l (when pipe is opened at one end)
❌Delta w = Us/f (doppler shift)
Wavelength for obs. = w - delta w = v/f - Us/f
❌w = hc/Ve
❌w = hc/E
❌w = h/mv
❌w = h/P as P = underroot 2mE so
❌w = h/underroot 2mE (de Broglie wavelength)
❌w = underroot 150/V A° (short method for de Broglie wavelength. This formula is applicable only for e-)
❌1/w = RH (1/p²-1/n²)
❌Wmaxi/Wmini = n²/n²-p² (for determining ratio b/w maxi. Wavelength to mini. Wavelength for series of atomic spectrum)
❌w = 2pir/n (n is no. of loops in a circle
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| 13 | +4 10. xii Electromagnetic waves physics notes.pdf | 0 |
| 14 | 🌟 Important Points of NCERT 🌟
1. 1770 : Joseph Priestley - Essential role of air in growth of green plant.
2. 1774 : Joseph Priestley - Discovered O2.
3. 1831 : Robert Brown - Ist discovered and described nucleus.
4. 1838 : Schleiden (German Botanist) - Work on plants.
5. 1839 : Schwann(British Zoologist) - Work on both plants & animals.
6. 1855 : Rudolf Virchow - Omnis cellula-e-cellula (cells arises from
pre-existing cells).
7. Life originate from pre-existing life : Pasteur (Yeast).
8. Life originate from non-living (decaying & rotting matter) : Spontaneous
generation.
9. Life originate from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (RNA,
Protein)- Oparin (Russia) & Haldane (England)- Chemical Evolution.
10. : Mendal experiment on garden pea. (7 years)
11. 1860 : Julius von Sachs - Developed hydroponics.
12. 1865 : Mendal published his work.
13. 1866 : Langdon Down - Down’s syndrome.
14. 1869 : Friedrich Meischer - Ist identified DNA and named it nuclein.
15. 1891 : Henking - Discovered X-body.
16. 1891 : Fossil discovered in Java - Homo erectus.
17. 1892 : Ivanowsky - Discovered virus.
18. 1898 : Beijerinek - Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid).
19. 1898 : Camillo Golgi - Discovered (observed) G.B.
20. 1900 : de Vries, Corre ns and von Tsche rmak inde pende ntly
rediscovered Mendel’s results.
21. 1902 : Chromosome movement during meiosis has been worked out.
22. 1905 : Law of limiting factor (Blackmann).
23. 1928 : Fredrick Griffith - Transforming experiment with Streptococcus
pneumoniae (Diplococcus).
24. 1935 : Stanley - Crystallised viruses.
25. 1937 : Ramde o Misra obtained Ph.D. in Ecology from Lee ds
university (U.K.).
26. 1938 : Coelocanth fish caught in South Africa.
27. 1945 : Fleming, Chain & Florey - Awarded Nobel prize.
28. 1950 : Watson obtained Ph.D. on a study of the effect of hard X-rays
on bacteriophage multiplication.
29. 1951 : Family planning programme started in India.
30. 1952 : Hershey & Chase-experiment on bacteriophage or Bacterial virus
gives unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material.
31. 1953 : Miller experiment - Methane, ammonia, hydrogen & water
vapour.
32. 1953 : Watson & Crick - Double helical structure of B-DNA &
replication scheme.
33. 1953 : Palade : Discovered ribosome.
34. 1954 : Ramachandran - Triple helical model of collagen, published
in Nature.
35. 1954 : Crick complete d Ph.D. on a thesis “X-rays diffraction :
polypeptides and proteins.
36. 1958 : Meselson & Stahl - Work on E.coli proves semiconservative
replication of DNA in prokaryotes.
37. 1958 : Taylor - Work on Vicia faba proves semiconservative replication
of DNA in eukaryotes.
38. 1960 : Katherine Esau - Published “Anatomy of Seed Plants.”
39. 1961 : Melvin Calvin - Nobel Prize.
40. 1962 : Watson, Crick and Wilikins - Nobel Prize.
41. 1963 : Wheat varieties (Sonalika & Kalyan sona) introduced.
42. 1963 : Two enzyme responsible for restricting growth of bacteriophage
in E.coli were isolated.
43. 1966 : Derivative of IR-8 & Taichung native-I introduced.
44. 1969 : Whittaker - Five kingdom classification.
45. 1971 : Govt. of India legalized MTP.
46. 1971 : Diener- Discovered Viroid(free RNA without capsid).
47. 1972 : Singer & Nicolson - Fluid mosaic model.
48. 1972 : Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer - Formed Ist recombinant DNA.
49. 1972 : Establishme nt of NCEPC - National Committe e for
Environmental Planning & Coordination.
50. 1974 : Water act.
51. 1980 : Joint forest management, (JFM).
52. 1981 : AIDS was Ist reported.
53. 1981 : Air act.
54. 1983 : Eli Lily (An American company) produces insulin in E.coli by
recombinant DNA technology.
55. 1984 : Establishment of MOEF : Ministry of Environment & Forest.
56. 1986 : Environment Protection Act.
57. 1987 : Montreal protocol. Held in Montreal, Canada.
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| 15 | 🌟 Important Points of NCERT 🌟
1. 1770 : Joseph Priestley - Essential role of air in growth of green plant.
2. 1774 : Joseph Priestley - Discovered O2.
3. 1831 : Robert Brown - Ist discovered and described nucleus.
4. 1838 : Schleiden (German Botanist) - Work on plants.
5. 1839 : Schwann(British Zoologist) - Work on both plants & animals.
6. 1855 : Rudolf Virchow - Omnis cellula-e-cellula (cells arises from
pre-existing cells).
7. Life originate from pre-existing life : Pasteur (Yeast).
8. Life originate from non-living (decaying & rotting matter) : Spontaneous
generation.
9. Life originate from pre-existing non-living organic molecules (RNA,
Protein)- Oparin (Russia) & Haldane (England)- Chemical Evolution.
10. : Mendal experiment on garden pea. (7 years)
11. 1860 : Julius von Sachs - Developed hydroponics.
12. 1865 : Mendal published his work.
13. 1866 : Langdon Down - Down’s syndrome.
14. 1869 : Friedrich Meischer - Ist identified DNA and named it nuclein.
15. 1891 : Henking - Discovered X-body.
16. 1891 : Fossil discovered in Java - Homo erectus.
17. 1892 : Ivanowsky - Discovered virus.
18. 1898 : Beijerinek - Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid).
19. 1898 : Camillo Golgi - Discovered (observed) G.B.
20. 1900 : de Vries, Corre ns and von Tsche rmak inde pende ntly
rediscovered Mendel’s results.
21. 1902 : Chromosome movement during meiosis has been worked out.
22. 1905 : Law of limiting factor (Blackmann).
23. 1928 : Fredrick Griffith - Transforming experiment with Streptococcus
pneumoniae (Diplococcus).
24. 1935 : Stanley - Crystallised viruses.
25. 1937 : Ramde o Misra obtained Ph.D. in Ecology from Lee ds
university (U.K.).
26. 1938 : Coelocanth fish caught in South Africa.
27. 1945 : Fleming, Chain & Florey - Awarded Nobel prize.
28. 1950 : Watson obtained Ph.D. on a study of the effect of hard X-rays
on bacteriophage multiplication.
29. 1951 : Family planning programme started in India.
30. 1952 : Hershey & Chase-experiment on bacteriophage or Bacterial virus
gives unequivocal proof that DNA is the genetic material.
31. 1953 : Miller experiment - Methane, ammonia, hydrogen & water
vapour.
32. 1953 : Watson & Crick - Double helical structure of B-DNA &
replication scheme.
33. 1953 : Palade : Discovered ribosome.
34. 1954 : Ramachandran - Triple helical model of collagen, published
in Nature.
35. 1954 : Crick complete d Ph.D. on a thesis “X-rays diffraction :
polypeptides and proteins.
36. 1958 : Meselson & Stahl - Work on E.coli proves semiconservative
replication of DNA in prokaryotes.
37. 1958 : Taylor - Work on Vicia faba proves semiconservative replication
of DNA in eukaryotes.
38. 1960 : Katherine Esau - Published “Anatomy of Seed Plants.”
39. 1961 : Melvin Calvin - Nobel Prize.
40. 1962 : Watson, Crick and Wilikins - Nobel Prize.
41. 1963 : Wheat varieties (Sonalika & Kalyan sona) introduced.
42. 1963 : Two enzyme responsible for restricting growth of bacteriophage
in E.coli were isolated.
43. 1966 : Derivative of IR-8 & Taichung native-I introduced.
44. 1969 : Whittaker - Five kingdom classification.
45. 1971 : Govt. of India legalized MTP.
46. 1971 : Diener- Discovered Viroid(free RNA without capsid).
47. 1972 : Singer & Nicolson - Fluid mosaic model.
48. 1972 : Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer - Formed Ist recombinant DNA.
49. 1972 : Establishme nt of NCEPC - National Committe e for
Environmental Planning & Coordination.
50. 1974 : Water act.
51. 1980 : Joint forest management, (JFM).
52. 1981 : AIDS was Ist reported.
53. 1981 : Air act.
54. 1983 : Eli Lily (An American company) produces insulin in E.coli by
recombinant DNA technology.
55. 1984 : Establishment of MOEF : Ministry of Environment & Forest.
56. 1986 : Environment Protection Act.
57. 1987 : Montreal protocol. Held in Montreal, Canada.
💐 Share & React ❤️ below.
Join For More
*https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9492L3QxRv5MtNFF0Y* | 0 |
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| 19 | +8 1. xii alternative current physics physics notes.pdf | 0 |
| 20 | 17. xi Wave motion physics notes .pdf | 0 |
