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iN SHORT CURRENT AFFAIRS 👉 Seychelles Historical Geography: Comprising 92 islands in the western Indian Ocean, Seychelles has a land area of only 279 sq. km but commands a massive exclusive economic zone (EEZ) spanning 388,000 sq. km. Originally colonised by France in 1770, it became a dependency of British Mauritius in 1814 after multiple capitulations, eventually achieving independence on 29 June 1976. --------------------------------------- 👉CETA (UK-India Free Trade Agreement): Under the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, 99% of UK tariff lines will be duty-free for Indian exports, while India will reduce or remove tariffs on 90% of its tariff lines. It features India's first standalone FTA chapters on anti-corruption, gender, and development. Sensitive sectors are shielded: India protects dairy and edible oils, while the UK shields sugar, milled rice, pork, chicken, and eggs. --------------------------------------- 👉Maritime Law & Neutral Shipping: The San Remo Manual (1994) serves as the primary modern codification of the law of naval warfare, regulating when neutral merchant vessels lose protection (e.g., carrying contraband or breaching blockades). The Helsinki Principles regulate maritime neutrality. Under the traditional view, ordinary export trade is not a military objective; however, the US-backed "war-sustaining" theory permits targeting commercial goods (like oil) that generate revenue to sustain an enemy’s war effort. --------------------------------------- 👉Albania's "Flamingo Revolution": Widespread civil protests have erupted against a luxury coastal development project on Sazan Island and the nearby Narta Lagoon (a pristine wildlife reserve hosting wetland species like flamingos). --------------------------------------- 👉Mars Macromolecular Carbon: Utilizing the SHERLOC instrument on NASA's Perseverance rover, researchers detected a hardy form of organic matter called macromolecular carbon inside fine-grained mudstones of the Jezero Crater. This is the first time organic matter has been found directly on a natural rock surface on Mars. --------------------------------------- 👉WADA GLP-1 Monitoring: Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (e.g., Semaglutides and Tirzepatides), which regulate insulin release and suppress hunger, have been placed on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) monitoring programme since 2024 to determine whether they constitute performance-enhancing substances. --------------------------------------- 👉Deity as a Juristic Minor: In Hindu law, a consecrated deity is a juristic person capable of holding property. Property vests in the deity in an "ideal sense", with shebaits or mahants acting as mere managers (Angurbala Mullick v. Debabrata Mullick, 1951). Legally, the deity stands in the position of a minor requiring representation (Bishwanath v. Sri Thakur Radhaballabhji, 1967), and is assessed as an "individual" under the Income Tax Act (Yogendra Nath Naskar v. Commissioner of Income-Tax, 1969). --------------------------------------- 👉Teesta : Teesta originates from the high-altitude Cholamu (Tso Lhamu) Lake in Sikkim. --------------------------------------- 👉Siji River: Spanning Arunachal Pradesh’s Lower Siang district, the Siji River flows into Assam to become the Gai River. --------------------------------------- @upscsupersimplified

iN SHORT CURRENT AFFAIRS 👉 National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO): Operating under the Directorate-General of Health Services, Union Health Ministry, NOTTO maintains the National Organ and Tissue Transplant Registry. To boost healthcare transparency, the government has directed registered hospitals to publish comprehensive post-transplant survival data (patient survival rates at 6 months, 1, 3, and 5 years) directly on their homepages. ---------------------------------------- 👉 Panchayat Tenure and Continuity (Article 243E): Under Article 243E of the Constitution, the tenure of a Panchayat is fixed strictly for five years from its first meeting and no longer. ---------------------------------------- 👉 Katchatheevu Island: An island situated between India and Sri Lanka that was ceded to Sri Lanka under a bilateral agreement on 26 June 1974. ---------------------------------------- 👉Queen Velu Nachiyar & Udaiyal Legend: The historic Vettudaiyal temple in Ariyakurichi village of Sivaganga district, Tamil Nadu, is dedicated to Udaiyal, a 12-year-old girl herding cattle who was martyred by British mercenaries. She was killed for refusing to reveal the escape route of Queen Velu Nachiyar, who carried forward the patriotic resistance against British colonisation after her husband, King Muthu Vadagunatha Udaiyar, was killed in an ambush. ---------------------------------------- 👉Cooperative societies Constitutional Provision: The 97th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2011 added "cooperative societies" to the Constitution (Article 19(1)(c), Article 43B in DPSP, and Part IXB). ---------------------------------------- 👉Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs): Specialized financial institutions that buy bad loans (NPAs) from banks to help them clean up their balance sheets. Arcil was the first ARC established in India (in 2002). ---------------------------------------- 👉Mongla port - Bangladesh ---------------------------------------- 👉Kamoa-Kakula Copper Project - Located in Kolwezi in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) @upscsupersimplified

5 Ps of the UN Sustainable Development Goals 👉P1 - People: End poverty and hunger in all forms and ensure dignity and equality. 👉P2 - Planet: Protect our planet's natural resources and climate for future generations. 👉P3 - Prosperity: Ensure prosperous and fulfilling lives in harmony with nature. 👉P4 - Peace: Foster peaceful, just, and inclusive societies. 👉P5 - Partnership: Implement the agenda through a solid global partnership. @upscsupersimplified

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ILSNI Framework for conclusion / Way forward / Essay - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_W-zH8_AQvY

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Fire Vulnerabilities

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