CBSE COMPUTER SCIENCE

CHAPTER -13 SQL Q.1 State two advantages of using Databases. Ans: Databases help in reducing Data Duplication i.e. Data Redundancy and controls Data Inconsistency. Q2. Name some popular relational database management systems. Ans: Oracle, MYSQL, Sqlite, MS-Access etc Q.3 Define – Relation, Tuple, Degree, Cardinality Ans: A Relation is logically related data organized in the form of tables. Tuple indicates a row in a relation. Degree indicates the number of Columns. Cardinality indicates the number of Columns. Q4. What is Data Dictionary? Ans: Data Dictionary contains data about data or metadata. It represents structure or schema of a database? Q5. Name some data types in MySQL Ans: Char, Varchar, Int, Decimal, Date, Time etc. Q6. Differentiate between Char and Varchar. Ans: Char means fixed length character data and Varchar means variable length character data. E.g. For the data “Computer” Char(30) reserves constant space for 30 characters whereas Varchar(30) reserves space for only 8 characters. Q.7 What is a Primary Key? Ans: A Primary Key is a set of one or more attributes (columns) of a relation used to uniquely identify the records in it. Q.8 What is a Foreign Key? What is its use? Ans: A Foreign key is a non-key attribute of one relation whose values are derived from the primary key of some other relation. It is used to join two / more relations and extract data from them. 29 | P a g e Q.9 Write SQL statements to do the following (a)Create a table Result with two columns Roll and Name with Roll as primary key CREATE TABLE Result (Roll INT PRIMARY KEY, Name Varchar(30)) (b)Add a column Marks to Result table ALTER TABLE Result ADD (Marks DECIMAL(10,2)) €Insert a record with values 1, “Raj”, 75.5 INSERT INTO Result VALUES(1,”Raj”,75.5) (d)Show the structure of Result table DESCRIBE Result €Display the records in ascending order of name SELECT * FROM Result ORDER BY Name (f)Display records having marks>70 SELECT * FROM Result WHERE Marks > 70 (g)Update marks of ,”Raj” to 80 UPDATE Result SET Marks = 80 WHERE Name=”Raj” 30 | P a g e Q10. What are the various Integrity Constraints? Ans: Various Integrity Constraints are – NOT NULL – Ensures value for the column is not left unassigned UNIQUE – ensures that all values in a column are distinct or no two rows can have the same values for a column having UNIQUE constraint CHECK – Ensures that values for a particular column satisfy the specified condition DEFAULT – Ensures that the default value is assumed if value for the column is not specified PRIMARY KEY – Automatically applies UNIQUE and NOT NULL for uniquely identifying rows / records in a table * * *

Chapter -12 Networking –II Q.1 What is Network? Ans: It is a group of interconnected computers which allow sharing of resources. Q.2 Explain terms a. Amplitude Ans. Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. b. Collision Ans. In a half duplex Ethernet network, a collision is the result of two devices on the same Ethernet network attempting to transmit data at exactly the same time. Thenetwork detects the “collision” of the two transmitted packets and discards them both. c. CSMAAns. Code Division Multiple Access d. Error Detection Ans. In networking, error detection refers to the techniques used to detect noise or other impairments introduced into data while it is transmitted from source to destination. Error detection ensures reliable delivery of data across vulnerable networks. e. Checksum Ans. A checksum is a value that represents the number of bits in a transmission message and is used by IT professionals to detect high-level errors within data transmissions. Prior to transmission, every piece of data or file can be assigned a checksum value after running a cryptographic hash function. Q. 3 Define the use of following with expands a. Router – Ans. A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet. Data sent through the internet, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets b. TCT/IPAns. Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol, TCP/IP is a set of rules (protocols) governing communications among all computers on the Internet. More specifically, TCP/IP 27 | P a g e dictates how information should be packaged (turned into bundles of information called packets), sent, and received, as well as how to get to its destination. c. URL Ans. A Uniform Resource Locator, colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier, although many people use the two terms interchangeably. d. DNS Ans. He Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like nytimes.com or espn.com. Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so browsers can load Internet resources. Q.4 Why we use Ipv4 and Ipv6? Also specify the difference between them. Ans. The Internet Protocol version 4 (Ipv4) is a protocol for use on packet-switched Link Layer networks (e.g. Ethernet). Ipv4provides an addressing capability of approximately 4.3 billion addresses. The Internet Protocol version 6 (Ipv6) is more advanced and has better features compared to Ipv4. Q.5 Write the name Networks commands and why they use for any two? Ans. Ipconfig- Ipconfig is a Console Command which can be issued to the Command Line Interpreter (or command prompt) to display the network settings currently assigned to any or all network adapters in the machine. This command can be utilised to verify a network connection as well as to verify your network settings. ping - Helps in determining TCP/IP Networks IP address as well as determine issues with the network and assists in resolving them.

Chapter – 11 Computer Networks – I Q.1) Differentiate between Client and Server Ans: - Client – It is a host computer that requests for some services from a server. Server – It is a computer that responds to the request of the client. Q.2) How many types of Networks are there? Ans: - PAN – Personal Area Network LAN – Local Area Network MAN – Metropolitan Area Network WAN – Wide Area Network Q.3) Differentiate between LAN and WAN? Ans: - LAN: - 1) Spread over a small area. 2) Less setup cost 3) It is usually a single network WAN: - 2) Spread over a very large area. 2) High setup cost 3) It is usually a network of many networks. Q.4) What is P2P network? Ans: - They are home networks used in a small companies since they are inexpensive and easy to install, but they are limited in scope and are difficult to secure. Q.5) What are the three wired types of network? Ans: - 1) Twisted pair cable 2) Coaxial Cable 3) Fibre Optic Q.6) Name any 3 wireless computer networks. Ans: - 1) Microwave 2) Radio wave 3) Satellite Q.7) Explain the use of the following terms: NIC, MAC address, WiFi Card, Hub, switch, bridge, router, gateway, access point Ans: - NIC – Network interface card attached to each of the workstation and the server, and helps the workstation to establish the all-important connection with the network. MAC Address – The NIC manufacturer assigns a unique physical address to each NIC card, which is known as MAC address. It’s a 6 bytre address separated by colon 24 | P a g e Eg: 10:B5:03:63:2E:FC WiFi card – It is either an internal or external Local are network adapter with a built-in wireless radio and antenna. Hub – It is a networking device having multiple ports that are used for connecting multiple computers. Switch – It is a device that segment a big network into small subnets so that it prevent traffic overload in a network. Bridge – It is a device that helps to link two networks together. Bridge can handle with same protocols. Router – A router is a network device that forward data from one network to another. It can handle different protocols. Gateway – It is a network device that connects dissimilar networks. It establishes an intelligent connection between a local network and external network with completely different structure. Access Point – It is also called wireless access point(WAP) which is a hardware device that establishes connection of computing devices on Wireless LAN with a fixed wire network. Q.8) What do you know about cloud? How many types of clouds are there? Ans: - Cloud is a generic term used for internet. Cloud refers to the collection of servers. Types of clouds: - 1) Private cloud 2) Public Cloud 3) Community Cloud 4) Hybrid Cloud Q.9) What is IoT? Ans: - IoT( Internet of Things) is a phenomenon that connects the things to the internet over wired or wireless connections. Ie it connects a variety of devices to the Internet. Q.10) What are the different enabling technologies for IoT? Ans: - 1) RFID – Radio Frequency Identification – This technology uses radio waves to read and capture information stored on a tag, called RFID tag. RFID tag is a microchip attached to an antenna. It identifies the tracks the data of the “things”. 2) Sensors – A device that can detect changes in an environment. It helps to collect data about the status of the “Things”. 3) Smart Technologies – Smart technologies include additional functionalities to take action and have other processing capabilities as per the requirements. 4) Software – It is also important in the success of a technology as it provide the reusable solutions for connecting taking actions and solving issue that occurs. 25 | P a g e 5) Efficient Network connectivity – IoT is formed through interconnection of device to Internet. * * *

X=100 def Change(P=10,Q=25): global X if P%6==0: X+=100 else: X+=50 Sum=P+Q+X print(P,'#',Q,'$',Sum,'X=',X) '''1. Change() ---> P=10, Q=25, X=100+50 Sum=185 2. Change(18,50) ---> P=18,Q=50, 18%6==0 so X=150+100 that is Sum=18+50+250 3. Change(30,100) ---> P=30, Q=25, 30%6==0 so X=250+100 , Sum=30+100+350''' Change() Change(18,50) Change(30,100)

Chapter 4 Using Python Libraries Q1 What is module and package? Ans: Module: Each Python program file is a “module” with some Python Code and is saved with .py extension. Package: A package is a directory that contains subpackages and modules in it along with some special files such as_init_.py Q.2 Name the Python library modules which need to be imported to invoke the following functions: (a) sin() (b)randint() Ans: (a) Math module (b) random module() Q.3 What is problem in following piece of code, explain : from math import sqrt print(math.sqrt(25)) Ans: It will cause an error as now the imported object is part of program’s environment. Q.4 What is the possible output(s) are expected to be displayed on screen at the time of execution of the program from the following code? Also specify the maximum values that can be assigned to each of the variables FROM and TO: Import random AR=[20,30,40,50,60,70] FROM=random.randint(1,3) TO=random.randint(2,4) for k in range(FROM,TO+1): print(AR[k],end=”#”) 1)10#40#70# 2)30#40#50# 3)50#60#70# 4)40#50#70# Ans: Option (2) Max Value FROM= 3 , TO = 4 Q.5 How are the following import statements are different? (a) import X (b) from X import * (c) from X import a,b,c Ans: (a) It imports all the defined functions and variables of module X and makes available to current program with namespace X. (b) It imports all the defined functions and variables of module X and makes available to current program within the namespace current program. (c) It imports only functions/definitions of a,b,c of module X and makes available to current program within the namespace of current program. Q.6 Name the Python Library modules which need to be imported to invoke following functions: (a) log() (b) pow() Ans: (a) math (b) math Q.7 What is the use of file _init_.py in a package even when it is empty? Ans: In order for a folder containing different modules i.e., .py files to be recognized as a package, a special file namely _init_.py must also be stored in the folder, even if it is empty file. The presence of _init_.py in a folder , makes it importable package (i.e. it can be imported using import command).

Chapter – 3 Functions Q.1 What is the output of the following program: def myfunc(a): a = a + 2 a = a * 2 return a print(myfunc(2)) (i) 8 (ii) 16 (iii) Indentation Error (iv) Runtime Error Ans: 8 Q.2 Call the given function using KEYWORD ARGUMENT with values 100 and 200 def Swap(num1, num2): num1,num2=num2,num1 print(num1,num2) Swap(----- , ------) Ans: Swap(num2=200,num1=100) Q.3 Which line number of code(s) will not work and why? def Interest(P,R,T=7): I = (P*R*T)/100 print(I) Interest(20000,.08,15) #Line 1 Interest(T=10,20000,.075) #Line 2 Interest(P=10000,R=.06,Time=8) #Line 3 Interest(80000,T=10) #Line 4 Ans: Line 2 because named argument is before the positional argument. Line 4 because no value is assigned for R Q. 4 What will be the output of the following code: def JumbleUp(mystr): L = len(mystr) str2='' “ str3='' “ for i in range(0,L,2): str2=str2 + mystr[i+1]+mystr[i] for ch in str2: if ch>='R' and ch<='U': str3+='$' else: str3+=ch.lower() return str3 mystr="HARMONIOUS" mystr=JumbleUp(mystr) print(mystr) Ans: Output: ah ahm$ ahm$no ahm$nooi ahm$nooi$$ Q.5 From the program code given below, identify the parts mentioned below: def num(x): x=50 return x+3 y=55 res=num(y) Identify these parts: function header, function call, arguments, parameters, function body, main program Ans: def num(x): #function header with parameters x=50 return x+3 #till function body y=55 # main program starts res=num(y) # function call with arguments Q.6 Predict the output of the following code def codo(n): if n == 0: print("Finally") else : print(n) codo(n-3) codo(15) Ans: Output 15 12 9 6 3 Finally Q.7 Write a Python function to print the even numbers from a given list: Ans: def evennum(l): enum=[] for n in l: if n%2==0: enum.append(n) return enum x=[2,3,5,6,8,9,12,14] print(evennum(x)) Q.8 Find and write the output of the following python code: Num=1 def func(): golabl Num Num=10 return Num print(Num) print(func()) print(Num) Ans: Output 1 10 10 Q.9Differentiate between formal parameters and actual parameters in functions? Ans: Actual Parameter: It is a parameter, which is used in function call statement to send the values from calling function to the called function. Fomal Parameter: It is a parameter, which is used in a function header of the called function to receive the value from actual parameter. Q.10 Write a program to remove nth index character from a non empty string. Ans: def rchar(str,n): fp=str[:n] lp=str[n+1:] return fp+lp print(rchar('Python',0)) print(rchar('Python',3)) print(rchar('Python',5)) Q.11 Write a Python function that accepts a string and calculates the number of uppercase letters and lowercase letters. Ans: def upprlower(s): x=0 y=0 for c in s: if c.isupper(): x+=1 elif c.islower(): y+=1 else: pass print(“Uppercase=”,x) print(“lowercase=”,y) s=”PythonProgrammInG” print(“original string”,s) print(upprlower(s))

Chapter – 2 Revision Tour – II Q.1 What is difference between (30) and (30,)? Ans: (30) – It is an integer value where as (30,) is a tuple Q.2 Suppose list1 is [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3], what is list1 after list1.pop(1)? (i) [3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3] (ii) [1,3,3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25] (iii) [3, 5, 20, 5, 25, 1, 3] (iv) [1, 3, 4, 5, 20, 5, 25,] Ans: Option (iii) Q.3 There is a Dictionary employee={‘salary:10000’,’dept’:Sales,’age’:24,’name’:’John’} Which of the following function will provide all the values of dictionary? (i) employee.keys() (ii) employee.values() (iii) employee.items() (iv) employee.clear() Ans: (ii) Q.4 Which of the options out of i) to iv) is correct datatype for the variable vowels as defined in the following python statement ? vowels=(‘A’ , ’E’ , ’I’ , ’O’ , ’U’) i)List ii)Dictionary iii)Tuple iv)Array Ans: Tuple Q.5 What are Immutable and mutable types? List immutable and mutable types of Python. Ans: The immutable types are those that can never change their value in place. Immutable types of Python are : Tuples, Integers, strings, floating point Numbers, Booleans. The mutable types are those whose value can be changed in place. Mutable types of Python are : Lists, Dictionary, Sets. Q.6 Name the function/method reuired to (i) check if a string contains only uppercase letters. (ii) gives the total length of the list Ans: (i) isupper() (ii) len() Q.7 What are the two ways to add something to a list? How they are different? Ans: The two ways of adding elements to a list are: (i)append()- adds one item in the end. (ii)insert() – adds one item at the specified position. Q.8 What are the two ways to remove something from a list? How are they different? Ans: The two ways of deleting elements to a list are: (i) remove() – removes one item, its first occurrence, from the list. (ii) pop() – removes one item from the specified position. Q.9 Suppose L=[“hello”,[6,7,8],5,”friends] Consider the above list and answer the following : (i) L[3:] (ii) L[::2] (iii) L[1:2] (iv) L[1][1] Ans: (i)L[3:] [‘friends’] (ii)L[::2] [‘hello’,5] (iii)L[1:2] [[6,7,8]] (iv)L[1][2] 8

CHAPTER 7& 8 COMPUTER NETWORKS I & II Q1. Differentiate between LAN, WAN,MAN and PAN. Ans. A local area network, or LAN, consists of a computer network at a single site, typically an individual office building. A LAN is very useful for sharing resources, such as data storage and printers. A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a computer network across an entire city, college campus or small region. A MAN is larger than a LAN. A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very large area, such as an entire country or the entire world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller networks such as LANs and MANs. Internet is the best example of WAN. A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network organized around an individual person within a single building Q 2. Expand the following Ans:FTP-File Transfer Protocol GSM-Global System for Mobile communications VoIP-Voice over Internet Protocol SMTP-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SSL-Secure Sockets Layer HTTPS-Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure GPRS-General Packet Radio Service LTE-Long Term Evolution CDMA-Code Division Multiple Access FDMA-Frequency Division Multiple Access DNS-Domain Name System WAP-Wireless Application Protocol Q3. What is computer network? Ans: Collection of hardware components and computers used for communication, sharing of resources and information etc. Q4. What is protocol? Ans: A standard or set of rules that computers and other devices use when communicating with one another. Q5. Write uses of microwave signals. Ans: Micro wave signals are used to transmit data without the use of cables. The micro wave signals are similar to radio and television signals and are used for long distance communications. Q5. What is gateway? Ans: A Gateway is a device that connects dissimilar networks. Q6. What is bridge? Ans: A bridge is a device that links two networks together. Q7. What is hub and switch? Ans: Hub: It is a hardware device used to connect several computers together. Switch: It is a device used to segment networks into different sub networks called subnets. Q8. What is email? Ans: The E- Mail (Electronic Mail) is sending and receiving messages by a computer. Q9. Give full form of Ans:FM – Frequency Modulation TAP – Terminal Access Point NIU – Network Interface Unit NFS – Network File Server FTP – File Transfer protocol AM – Amplitude Modulation HTTP – Hyper Text Transfer Protocol TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol URL- Uniform Resource Locator MAC – Media Access Control WWW - World Wide Web POP – Post Office Protocol IMAP – Internet Message Access Protocol.

Q.6Each node of a Stack contains the following information: i) Pin code a city ii) Name of city Write a program to implement following operations according to user’s choice in above stack a)PUSH() – to push a node in to the stack b) POP() – to remove a node from a stack Ans: def isempty(stk): if (stk ==[ ]): return True else: return False def push(stk,item): stk.append(item) top=len(stk)-1 def pop(stk): if isempty(stk): return "underflow" else: item=stk.pop() if len(stk)==0: top=None else: top=len(stk)-1 return item def peek(stk): if isempty(stk): return"underflow" else: top=len(stk)-1 return stk[top] def display(stk): if isempty(stk): print("Stack empty") else: top=len(stk)-1 print(stk[top],"<-top") for a in range(top-1,-1,-1): print(stk[a]) #main------- Stack=[] top=None while True: print("STACK OPERATIONS") print("1.Push") print("2.Pop") print("3.Peek") print("4.Display Stack") print("5.EXIT") ch=int(input("enter your choice")) if ch==1: pin=int(input("input pin code of the city")) cityname=input("enter city name") item=[pin,cityname] #item=int(input("enter item")) push(Stack, item) elif ch==2: item=pop(Stack) if item=="underflow": print("Underflow") else: print("Popped Item is",item) elif ch==3: item=peek(Stack) if item =="underflow": print("underflow") else: print("topmost item is",item) elif ch==4: display(Stack) elif ch==5: break else: print("invalid choice") Q.7 Write Answers for the following: a) If a user tries to remove an element from empty stack is called ______________ b) A deletion from stack is called___________ c) Adding an element in stack is called_________ Ans: a) Overflow b) POP c) PUSH

Data Structures Q.1Predict the output: a). def even(n): return n%2==0: list1=[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] ev=[n for n in list1 if n%2==0] evp=[n for n in list1 if even(n)] print(evp) Ans: [2, 4, 6, 8] b). b=[[9,6],[4,5],[7,7]] x=b[:2] x.append(10) print(x) Ans: [[9,6],[4,5],10] c). b=[[9,6],[4,5],[7,7]] x=b[:2] x[1].append(10) print(x) Ans: [[9, 6], [4, 5, 10]] Q. 2 Convert the given infix expression into post fix notation (A+B)*C/D SYMBOL SCANNED STACK EXPRESSION ( ( ------ ( (( -------- ( ((( -------- A ((( A + (((+ A B (((+ AB ) (( AB+ * ((* AB+ C ((* AB+C ) ( AB+C* / (/ AB+C* D (/ AB+C*D ) --------- AB+C*D/ Ans: Q.3Evaluate the given expression 50,60,+,20,10,-,* Ans: SYMBOL SCANNED Acttion STACK EXPRESSION 50 Push 50 50 ------ 60 Push 60 50,60 ------ + Pop ------ 60+50=110 Push 110 110 20 Push 20 110,20 ------- 10 Push 10 110,20,10 ------- - Pop 20,10 110 20-10=10 Push 10 110 ---- 110,10 * Pop ----- 110*10=1100 Push 1100 ------ 1100 ----- ------ Pop 1100 ------ 1100 Ans Q.4Evaluate the following expression true, false, true, false , not, or , true, or, or , and Ans: SYMBOL SCANNED Action STACK EXPRESSION true Push true ------- true false Push false -------- true false true Push true -------- true false true false Push false -------- true false true false Not Pop false Not(false)=true true false true Push true true false true true Or Pop true, true True or true =true true false Push true true false true True Push true True false true true Or Pop true, true True or true = true True false Push true True false true Or Pop false true False or true = true True Push true True true And Pop true true True and true = true --------- ------- Push true True Pop true True ans Q.5Convert from infix to postfix [(true and false) or not (false or true)] Ans. SYMBOL SCANNED STACK EXPRESSION [ [ ------- ( [( -------- true [( true and [(and true false [(and true false ) [ true false and or [or true false and not [or not true false and ( [or not( true false and false [or not( true false and false or [or not(or true false and false true [or not(or true false and false true ) [or not true false and false true or ] ---------- true false and false true or not or

Bit Rate • The transmission of a number of bits per second. • per second travel number of bits. • not used to decide the requirement of bandwidth for transmission of the signal. • cannot determine the bandwidth. • emphasized computer efficiency • Bit Rate = baud rate x the number of bit per baud • It counts the number of bits traveled per second such as Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, etc Baud Rate • The number of signal units per second. • per second number of changes in signal. • to decide the requirement of bandwidth for transmission of the signal. • determine the amount of bandwidth necessary to send the signal. • Baud Rate = bit rate / the number of bit per baud • emphasized data transmission. • It counts how many times the state of a signal is changing. The data transfer rate (DTR) • The amount of digital data that's moved from one place to another in a given time. • The data transfer rate can be viewed as the speed of travel of a given amount of data from one place to another.

S.NO Bit Rate Baud Rate 1. Bit rate is defined as the transmission of a number of bits per second. Baud rate is defined as the number of signal units per second. 2. Bit rate is also defined as per second travel number of bits. Baud rate is also defined as per second number of changes in signal. 3. Bit rate emphasized computer efficiency. While the baud rate emphasized data transmission. 4. The formula of Bit Rate is: = baud rate x the number of bit per baud The formula of Baud Rate is: = bit rate / the number of bit per baud 5. Bit rate is not used to decide the requirement of bandwidth for transmission of the signal. While baud rate is used to decide the requirement of bandwidth for transmission of the signal. 6. Bit Rate cannot determine the bandwidth. Baud rate can determine the amount of bandwidth necessary to send the signal. 7. It counts the number of bits traveled per second such as Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, etc It counts how many times the state of a signal is changing.

1 ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network 2 Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity 3 LAN Local Area Network 4 MAN Metropolitan Area Network 5 WAN Wide Area Network 6 PAN Personal Area Network 7 CAN Campus Area Network 8 NSFNET National Science Foundation Network 9 USB Universal Serial Bus 10 bps bits per second 11 Mbps Megabits per second 12 Gbps Gigabits per second 13 Bps Bytes per Second 14 MODEM MOdulator DEModulator 15 NIC Network Interface Card 16 MAC Media Access Control Address 17 RJ 45 Registered Jack-45 18 ISP Internet Service Provider 19 OUI Organisational Unique Identifier 20 IP Internet Protocol 21 TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol 22 IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity 23 IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 24 IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 25 WWW World Wide Web 26 IoT Internet of Things 27 HTML HyperText Markup Language 28 XML Extensible Markup Language 29 URI Uniform Resource Identifier 30 TDMA Time Division Multiple Access 31 URL Uniform Resource Locator 32 HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol 33 HTTPs HyperText Transfer Protocol secure 34 DNS Domain Name System 35 IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority 36 VoIP Voice Over Internet Protocol 37 FTP File Transfer Protocol 38 WAP Wireless Application Protocol 39 SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 40 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 41 GPRS General Packet Radio Service 42 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 43 POP Post Office Protocol 44 INTERNET International Network 45 IR Infrared 46 LED Light Emitting Diodes 47 Hz Hertz 48 SMS Short Message Service 49 3G Third Generation 50 DSL Digital Subscriber Line 51 PPP Point to Point Protocol 52 TELNET Teletype Network 53 IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol 54 WLL Wireless Local Loop 55 FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing 56 TDM Time Division Multiplexing 57 VoLTE Voice over Long-Term Evolution 58 WoT Web of Things 59 W3C World Wide Web Consortium 60 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network 61 CPU Central Processing Unit 62 URN Uniform Resource Name 63 NFS Network File System 64 STP Shielded Twisted Pair 65 EMI Electromagnetic Interference 66 AM Amplitude Modulation 67 FM Frequency Modulation

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