UPSC Colourfull Notes 🇮🇳

📝 PRACTICE QUESTION · UPSC STYLE 🌍 Topic: Loss & Damage Fund · linked to Nepal's first payout With reference to the Fund for responding to Loss and Damage (FRLD), consider the following statements:

1️⃣ Its creation was agreed at COP27 of the UNFCCC. 2️⃣ It is administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 3️⃣ Its first-ever country-specific allocation was made to Nepal.

❓ Which of the statements given above are correct? 👇

🔥 HOT TOPIC OF THE WEEK Coming in our next video 📍 LOSS & DAMAGE FUND → NEPAL The UN Fund for responding to Loss and Damage set aside money for a single country for the first time: $20 million (≈ ₹190 cr) for Nepal's August flood on the Bhotekoshi–Trishuli rivers.

🧩 Agreed at COP27 (2022) · works under the UNFCCC · World Bank = interim trustee 📊 Requests $2.8 bn vs pledges $0.82 bn · India has asked for ≈ $52 mn

🔥 HOT THEME OF THE WEEK 🌍 WHY CLIMATE FINANCE MATTERS FOR UPSC Climate change came up in every Prelims paper of the last 10 years: 26 questions, and 7 in 2025 alone. Ten of them asked about climate bodies, deals and funds. #UPSC2027 #Environment

🗺 Places in News | Oct 2026 · Week 3 Ramsar 103 · SIOFA · Singapore Haze 🎬 3D map + animation 🎧 Hindi + English audio ▶️ https://youtu.be/8u9MFocosDA

📜 UPSC PRELIMS 2022 · REAL QUESTION 🌊 Topic: Law of the Sea · linked to India joining SIOFA With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, consider the following statements:

1️⃣ A coastal state has the right to establish the breadth of its territorial sea up to a limit not exceeding 12 nautical miles, measured from baseline determined in accordance with the convention. 2️⃣ Ships of all states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea. 3️⃣ The Exclusive Economic Zone shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baseline from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured.

❓ Which of the statements given above are correct? 👇

📜 UPSC PRELIMS 2022 · REAL QUESTION 💧 Topic: Ramsar wetlands · linked to Sukhna + Sauj Jheel Consider the following pairs: Wetland/Lake : Location

1️⃣ Hokera Wetland : Punjab 2️⃣ Renuka Wetland : Himachal Pradesh 3️⃣ Rudrasagar Lake : Tripura 4️⃣ Sasthamkotta Lake : Tamil Nadu

❓ How many pairs given above are correctly matched? 👇

🗺 PLACES IN NEWS · OCT 2026 · WEEK 3 News of 15–21 October 1️⃣ SUKHNA + SAUJ JHEEL Two new Ramsar sites, in Chandigarh and Uttar Pradesh, take India's total to 103.

🎯 UPSC Prelims 2022: wetland and state pairs

2️⃣ SIOFA, SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN India will become a full member of the pact that sets fishing rules on the high seas.

🎯 UPSC Prelims 2022: Law of the Sea zones

3️⃣ SINGAPORE HAZE Smoke from Indonesia's peat fires made Singapore the world's most polluted big city.

🎯 UPSC Prelims 2024: largest tropical peatland

🧠 Try 2 more real Prelims questions below 👇 #PlacesInNews #UPSC2027

📜 UPSC MAINS 2022 · GS3 · REAL QUESTION 🌍 Topic: cross-border air pollution · linked to Singapore's haze law

Discuss in detail the photochemical smog emphasizing its formation, effects and mitigation. Explain the 1999 Gothenburg Protocol.

📝 10 marks · 150 words · try writing it ✍️

💡 Hints (tap to open) 1️⃣ Gothenburg Protocol 1999 = a treaty under Europe's Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution; it caps SO2, NOx, ammonia and VOCs. 2️⃣ Updated in 2012 to add fine particles and black carbon. 3️⃣ This week's example: ASEAN's 2002 haze treaty has no penalties, so Singapore uses its own 2014 law against companies outside its border.

📜 UPSC PRELIMS 2022 · REAL QUESTION 😷 Topic: air pollution · linked to Singapore's haze In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements:

1️⃣ The 24-hour mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 15 µg/m³ and annual mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 5 µg/m³. 2️⃣ In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather. 3️⃣ PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream. 4️⃣ Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma.

❓ Which of the statements given above are correct? 👇

📜 UPSC PRELIMS 2021 · REAL QUESTION 🌴 Topic: palm oil · linked to Indonesia's fires With reference to ‘palm oil’, consider the following statements:

1️⃣ The palm oil tree is native to Southeast Asia. 2️⃣ The palm oil is a raw material for some industries producing lipstick and perfumes. 3️⃣ The palm oil can be used to produce biodiesel.

❓ Which of the statements given above are correct? 👇

📜 UPSC PRELIMS 2024 · REAL QUESTION 🌿 Topic: peatlands · linked to Indonesia's peat fires

One of the following regions has the world's largest tropical peatland, which holds about three years' worth of global carbon emissions from fossil fuels; and the possible destruction of which can exert detrimental effect on the global climate.

❓ Which one of the following denotes that region? 👇