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India at rank 47 with 1 Gold Medal 🏅

🇮🇳 6th medal for India. Bajrang Punia wins Bronze medal 🥉 in Wrestling.

■ The Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) : • India has a bicameral system of legislature. • Just as Parliament has two Houses, the states can also have a Legislative Council in addition to the Legislative Assembly through Article 169 of the Constitution. • The Legislative Councils in states are like the Rajya Sabha, a house of members who are not directly elected by people. • Article 171 of the constitution of India defines the composition of the councils. • Under Article 171 of the Constitution, the Legislative Council of a state shall not have more than one-third of the total strength of the State Assembly, and not less than 40 members. • Like the Rajya Sabha, the legislative council is a continuing chamber, that is, it is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. • The tenure of a Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) is six years, with one-third of the members retiring every two years. • The Legislative Council is a permanent house with almost 1/3rd of the members retiring every two years. • Article 169 of the constitution authorizes the parliament to create or abolish councils in states. • At present, 6 States of India have a Legislative Council. They are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka. Not every state has a council. • Earlier there were 7 states including the state of Jammu and Kashmir but it had been abolished through the J&K Reorganization Bill 2019 that changed the status of the state to Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh. □ Manner of Election : • A proportional representation system of voting called single transferable vote is used to elect members of the Legislative Council as mentioned in Article 171 of the constitution. • One third (1/3rd) of the members are elected by representatives of the Local Authorities (like Municipalities, Zilla Parishads, Block Parishads etc). • One third (1/3rd) of the members are elected by members of the Legislative Assembly (the same person can’t be a member of both the houses). • One-twelfth (1/12th) of the members are elected by the Graduates in the state. • One-twelfth (1/12th) of the members are elected by the Teachers in the state. • The remaining members are nominated by the Governor. Those nominated by the Governor should have special knowledge or practical experience in Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service. □ Article 169 (Creation and Abolition of Legislative Council) : • The Parliament can abolish a Legislative Council (where it already exists) or create it (where it does not exist) by a simple majority, that is, a majority of the members of each House present and voting, if the legislative assembly of the concerned state, by a special majority, passes a resolution to that effect. • Special majority implies a majority of the total membership of the assembly and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the assembly present and voting.

■ The Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) : • India has a bicameral system of legislature. • Just as Parliament has two Houses, the states can also have a Legislative Council in addition to the Legislative Assembly through Article 169 of the Constitution. • The Legislative Councils in states are like the Rajya Sabha, a house of members who are not directly elected by people. • Article 171 of the constitution of India defines the composition of the councils. • Under Article 171 of the Constitution, the Legislative Council of a state shall not have more than one-third of the total strength of the State Assembly, and not less than 40 members. • Like the Rajya Sabha, the legislative council is a continuing chamber, that is, it is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. • The tenure of a Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) is six years, with one-third of the members retiring every two years. • The Legislative Council is a permanent house with almost 1/3rd of the members retiring every two years. • Article 169 of the constitution authorizes the parliament to create or abolish councils in states. • At present, 6 States of India have a Legislative Council. They are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka. Not every state has a council. • Earlier there were 7 states including the state of Jammu and Kashmir but it had been abolished through the J&K Reorganization Bill 2019 that changed the status of the state to Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh. □ Manner of Election : • A proportional representation system of voting called single transferable vote is used to elect members of the Legislative Council as mentioned in Article 171 of the constitution. • One third (1/3rd) of the members are elected by representatives of the Local Authorities (like Municipalities, Zilla Parishads, Block Parishads etc). • One third (1/3rd) of the members are elected by members of the Legislative Assembly (the same person can’t be a member of both the houses). • One-twelfth (1/12th) of the members are elected by the Graduates in the state. • One-twelfth (1/12th) of the members are elected by the Teachers in the state. • The remaining members are nominated by the Governor. Those nominated by the Governor should have special knowledge or practical experience in Literature, science, art, co-operative movement and social service. □ Article 169 (Creation and Abolition of Legislative Council) : • The Parliament can abolish a Legislative Council (where it already exists) or create it (where it does not exist) by a simple majority, that is, a majority of the members of each House present and voting, if the legislative assembly of the concerned state, by a special majority, passes a resolution to that effect. • Special majority implies a majority of the total membership of the assembly and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the assembly present and voting.

■ Samagra Shiksha scheme : • Samagra Shiksha is an integrated scheme for school education extending from pre-school to class XII to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education. • It is a centrally sponsored scheme. • The vision of the Scheme is to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education from pre-school to senior secondary stage in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for Education. • The scheme mainly aims to support States in the implementation of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009. Right to Education Act (RTE) is a fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution of India. • It subsumes the three Schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE). • The scheme treats school education holistically as a continuum from Pre-school to Class 12. • The main emphasis of the Scheme is on improving the quality of school education by focussing on the two T’s – Teacher and Technology. • The fund sharing pattern for the scheme between Centre and States is at present in the ratio of 90:10 for the North-Eastern States and the Himalayan States and 60:40 for all other States and Union Territories with Legislature. • It is 100% centrally sponsored for Union Territories without Legislature.

🇮🇳 5th medal for India. Ravi kumar Dahiya wins Silver medal🥈 in Wrestling.

📰 News : Black topping of world’s highest motorable road near LAC completed. • The Border Roads Organisation has completed black topping the world’s highest motorable road at Umlingla Pass in Eastern Ladakh at an alt of 19,300 ft. • The BRO has created a record in high-altitude road construction, the Ministry said. “It has constructed a 52-km long tarmac road through Umling La". • The strategic road built under ‘Project Himank’ passes through the Umling La Top and connects Chisumle and Demchok villages. • The road is close to the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and will allow quick movement of troops and equipment. • Infrastructure development in such harsh and tough terrain is extremely challenging with temperatures dipping to -40 degrees during winters and oxygen level is almost 50% less than at normal places. □ About Project Himank : • Project Himank, is a project of the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) being implemented in the Ladakh region of Jammu & Kashmir. • This project started in 1985. • Under this project, BRO is responsible for the construction and maintenance of roads and related infrastructure including the world's highest motorable roads across the Khardung La, Tanglang La and Chang La passes. • The Project Himank has constructed roads like Khardung La at an altitude of 17,900 ft and Chang La Pass at 17,695 ft in Leh by connecting Nubra valley and Durbuk valley in the cold desert.

🇮🇳 4th medal for India. Indian Men's Hockey team wins Bronze medal 🥉.

■ Positive pay system : • The Positive Pay System, developed by the National Payments Corporation of India, is a process of reconfirming the key details of large value cheques. • Under this system, a person issuing the high-value cheque submits certain essential details of that cheque like date, name of the beneficiary/payee amount etc. to the drawee bank. • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) had issued guidelines for banks to implement this system from January 1, 2021, to safeguard against cheque frauds. • The details can be submitted through electronic means such sas SMS, mobile app, internet banking, ATM etc. • The details are cross-checked while issuing the cheque and any discrepancy is flagged. • RBI has told banks to enable the facility for all account holders issuing cheques for amounts of ₹50,000 and above. It has also said that while availing of the facility is at the discretion of the account holder, banks may consider making it mandatory in case of cheque values of ₹5 lakh and above. • RBI has said only cheques that are registered in the Positive Pay System will be accepted under the dispute resolution mechanism. Customers would get an SMS on whether the cheque is accepted or rejected for any reason. □ What's the need of such system? • The RBI says the Positive Pay system is to augment customer safety in cheque payments and reduce instances of fraud occurring on account of tampering of cheque leaves. • Banks had recently witnessed a rise in frauds involving high-value cheques.

🇮🇳 3rd medal for India. Lovlina Borgohain wins Bronze medal 🥉 in Boxing.

■ Inland Vessel Bill, 2021 : • The Bill will regulate safety, security and registration of inland vessels. It will replace Inland Vessels Act, 1917. • It provides for a unified law for the entire country, instead of separate rules framed by the States. • The certificate of registration granted under the proposed law will be deemed to be valid in all States and Union Territories, and there will be no need to seek separate permissions from the States. • The Bill provides for a central data base for recording the details of vessel, vessel registration, crew on an electronic portal. • It requires all mechanically propelled vessels to be mandatorily registered. All non-mechanically propelled vessels will also have to be enrolled at district, taluk or panchayat or village level. □ About Inland Waterways : • India has about 14,500 km of navigable waterways which comprise of rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks, etc. • As per the National Waterways Act 2016, 111 waterways have been declared as National Waterways (NWs). • NW-1: Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly River System (Prayagraj-Haldia) with length 1620 km is the longest National Waterway in India. • About 55 million tonnes of cargo is being moved annually by IWT (Inland Water Transport), a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode. • However, freight transportation by waterways is highly underutilized in the country as compared to developed countries. • The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is implementing the Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) at an estimated cost of ₹5369.18 crores for capacity augmentation of navigation on the Haldia-Varanasi stretch of Ganga (part of NW-1) with the technical and financial assistance of the World Bank. • The waterways will also be linked to the eastern and western Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs), as well as the Sagarmala Project, which aims to promote port-led direct and indirect development.