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๐ŸŒนโ€ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ ุฑูŽุจูู‘ูŠ ู„ูŽุณูŽู…ููŠุนู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุนูŽุงุกู๐ŸŒน

๐ŸŒนโ€ุฅูู†ูŽู‘ ุฑูŽุจูู‘ูŠ ู„ูŽุณูŽู…ููŠุนู ุงู„ุฏูู‘ุนูŽุงุกู๐ŸŒน

ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุนู„ู‰ Telegram

๐ŸŒนุตู€ู€ู€ู€ู€ู„ู€ู€ู€ูˆุง ุน ู†ู€ู€ุจู€ู€ูŠู†ุง ู…ู€ู€ุญู€ู€ู…ู€ู€ุฏ๐ŸŒน ุฅู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ุชู†ูุน ุงู„ู…ุคู…ู†ูŠู† @Thirdstagedentistrybot

ุฅุธู‡ุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ
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ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒูˆู†
-224 ุณุงุนุงุช
-77 ุฃูŠุงู…
-2730 ุฃูŠุงู…
ุฃุฑุดูŠู ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุงุช
ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูƒู„ุงุณ 3๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†๐Ÿ‘†

ุดูˆููˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ูŠุดุจู‡ ุฐูŠู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ู‡ ูุง ุงุฐุง ุณูˆูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุจู‡ู„ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู†ูˆ axiopulpal line angle ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุงูŠู† ุงุดูˆูŠู‡ ๐ŸŒธ
ุดูˆููˆ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ูŠุดุจู‡ ุฐูŠู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงู…ู‡ ูุง ุงุฐุง ุณูˆูŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุจู‡ู„ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู†ูˆ axiopulpal line angle ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุงูŠู† ุงุดูˆูŠู‡ ๐ŸŒธ โฉIf we create a dovetail we will have axiopulpal line angle which should be beveled

ู…ุนุงุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏ ุจูˆูŠู†ุช
ู…ุนุงุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฏ ุจูˆูŠู†ุช

โฉThe gingival wall should be perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, the axial wall should be parallel to the long axis of the tooth, to have good vision and good access to the cavity (convenience form). ๐ŸŸกูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† gingival wall ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ู„ู„ุณู†ุŒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† axial wall ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุง ู„ู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ุŒ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ูˆูˆุตูˆู„ ุฌูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ( convenience form ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุงุญู‡). โฉRemove any unsupported enamel. ๐ŸŸข ุงุฒุงู„ู‡ ุงูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุนู… โฉCavosurface line angle (90-110 ). ๐Ÿ”ตุงู„ cavosurface line angle ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† (110 _ 90) ู„ุงู† ูˆูŠู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ู…ู„ ุฑูˆุฏ For theย Class IIIย amalgam restoration,ย resistance formย against post-restorative fracture is provided by (1) cavosurface and amalgam margins of 90 degrees, ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู… ูˆุงู„ูƒูŠููˆุณูŠุฑูุณ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ุง ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… (2) enamel walls supported by sound dentin, ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ู…ู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ู‡ ุจูˆุงุณุทู‡ ุฏูŠู†ุชูŠู† ุณู„ูŠู… ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูู‚ุท ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงู†ู…ู„ ุจูŠู‡ ุชุณูˆุณ ูˆุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุชูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุณู„ูŠู… ุจู‡ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ู† ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจุฒุช ูˆุงุนูˆุถ ุนู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุชูŠู† (3) no sharp preparation internal angles ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ุงูƒูˆ ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุญุงุฏู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู Retention form โฉFlat gingival wall and should be perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. โฉLingual access area should be minimal. โฉLingual inclination of the incisal third of the labial wall. โฉLabial and lingual walls are parallel as much as possible to prevent displacement of the filling material. โฉRetention grooves axioincisally and axiogingivally. โฉDovetail on the lingual surface. ๐ŸŸข ุงู„ gingival wall ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุทุญ ูˆูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ู„ู„ุณู† ๐ŸŸข ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ lingual access ูŠุฌุจ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุจ ุญุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุงุฏู†ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆ ุงุฌูŠ ูˆุงุดูŠู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ู„ุง ุงุดูˆู ุน ูƒุฏ ุงู„ุชุณูˆุณ ุงุดูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ๐ŸŸข ู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ lingual ู„ู„ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ู‚ุงุทุน ู…ู† ุงู„ labial wall ๐ŸŸข ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ labial ูˆ ุงู„ lingual ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุงู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุฒุงุญู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุชุซุจุช ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ๐ŸŸขุญุชู‰ ุงุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุชูŠู†ุดู† ูˆุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุซุจุงุชูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒุงูุชูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุฑูˆูุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ูŠุง axioincisally and axiogingivally. ๐ŸŸขุจุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆุงูู‚ ูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ุณุงู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุณู† ูˆู‡ูˆ lingual If we have extensive caries and large class III cavity and previous retentive means is not enough, so we do dovetail on the lingual surface of maxillary canine, but this should be as conservative as possible, it should not exceed the midpoint of the lingual surface also the depth should not be more than 1mm, if we make it with the same depth of the cavity, it may hit the pulp. ๐Ÿ”ด ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชุณูˆุณ ูˆุงุณุน ูˆุชุฌูˆูŠู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ calss 3 ุŒ ูˆู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุงู„ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ dovetail ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ู„ู„ maxillary canine ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชุญูุธู‹ุง ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฅู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูŠ ุณูˆูŠุชู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ูƒุงู† ุŒ ูู„ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ุŒุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุณู† . ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู„ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ู‚ ุนู† 1 ู…ู… ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูุณ ุนู…ู‚ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุŒ ูู‚ุฏ ูŠุตุทุฏู… ุจุงู„ู„ุจ.

#ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ , it is better to be filled with amalgam if: (1) The preparation is extensive with only minimal facial involvement, (2) The gingival margin involves primarily cementum, or (3) Moisture control is difficult. โœ…ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูุถู„ ุงู†ูˆ ุงุณูˆูŠ ุจุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู…ู„ุบู… ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† โฌ…๏ธูก .. ุงู„ุญูุฑ ู…ูŠุดู…ู„ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูˆูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดู„ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ careis ู…ูˆุงุตู„ ู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูˆูƒู„ ู ู„ู…ู† ุงุฌูŠ ุงุญุดูŠ ุงู„ุณู† ุงุญุดูŠ ุจุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู…ู„ุบู… .. ูˆุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆู‡ ุญุงูุถุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุง ุดู„ุช ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูˆูƒู„ ูˆ ุญุงูุถุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆู‡ ุงู„ุณู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู…ู„ุบู… โฌ…๏ธ ูข .. ุงู„ gingival margin ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฑุฃูŠุณูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ cementum โฌ…๏ธ ูฃ .. ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุนูˆุจู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุทุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจู‡ ู„ุงู† ุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุฒุช ู…ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฑุทูˆุจู‡ Caries usually occur at the contact area of upper canine, the access to the cavity is from the lingual surface, never do access to the cavity form the labial surface because of esthetic purposes, only if the caries is extended to the labial surface, we can make access from the labial surface but in this case it should be filled with tooth colored restoration. โœ… ุงู„ caries ุบุงู„ุจุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ contact area ู„ู„ upper canine ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ูƒุงูุชูŠ ู…ู† ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ุงุจุฏ ู…ุง ุงุจุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุจูˆูƒู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ุงุจูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ู† ุงุจุฏูŠ ุงุญูุฑ ุงู„caries ุงุจุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠุฌ ุŸ ู„ุงุบุฑุงุถ ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠู‡ ๐Ÿ‘Œโœ… ูู‚ุท ุงู„ caries ุงุฐุง ุงู…ุชุฏ ู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ุงุจูŠู„ ุงุจุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญูุฑ ู…ู† ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ุงุจูŠู„ ูˆุจู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุฒุช โœ… ๐ŸŸกbecause the distal surface of the maxillary canine is the contact between anterior teeth and posterior teeth, and usually there is a mesial shifting of the posterior teeth, so there will be continuous force at the distal surface of the maxillary canine, if it is filled with composite, this cause wear of composite with time and decrease the mesiodistal width of canine, so it is better to fill it with amalgam because of higher wear resistance of amalgam compared with composite โœ…โฌ…๏ธ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ ุฏุณุชู„ ุณูŠุฑูุณ ู…ุงู„ maxillary canin ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠู‡ ูˆุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠู‡ ูˆุบุงู„ุจุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ููŠู‡ ุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ูˆู‡ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุณุชู„ ุณูŠุฑูุณ ู…ุงู„ mazillary canine ....., ุงุฐุง ุณูˆูŠุช ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุฒุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุดูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠู‡ุง .. ุฑุงุญ ุชุชุฃูƒู„ ุจู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆ ุญูŠู†ู‚ุต ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ mesiodistal ู…ุงู„ canine ... ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูุถู„ ุงู†ูˆ ุงุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู…ู„ุบู… ู„ูŠุด ูŠุงุจู‡ ุงู…ู„ุบู… ุŸุŸ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู… ูŠู‚ุงูˆู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ ุชุฃูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุฒุช โฌ…๏ธ ุญุงู„ูŠุง ุŒ ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุฒุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏุณุชู„ ุณูŠุฑูุณ ู…ุงู„ maxillary canine ู†ูƒุฏุฑ ู†ุญุดูŠู‡ุง ุจุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู„ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุฒุช ๐ŸŸกPlacing the bur on the distal marginal ridge at the contact area and do entry, then use the fissure bur moving it gingivally and labially and incisally creating the outline form removing all caries lesion โฌ…๏ธ ูˆุถุน ุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ distal marginal ridge ุนู†ุฏ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ูˆู†ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุฏุฎู„ .. ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุง ุจูŠุฑ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุŸ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… fissure bur ูˆู†ุจุฏูŠ ู†ุญุฑูƒู‡ gingivally ูˆ labially ูˆ incisally ุญุชู‰ ู†ุณูˆูŠ outline form ... ูˆู†ุฒูŠู„ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุชุณูˆูˆุณ โœ… ๐ŸŸกThe contact with the adjacent tooth should be opened to be in a cleansable area. โฌ…๏ธ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชู†ูุชุญ ุญุชู‰ ุงูƒุฏุฑ ุงู†ุถู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡

Class III cavity for amalgam โฉClass III cavity is prepared when the caries occur at the proximal surface of all anterior teet
Class III cavity for amalgam โฉClass III cavity is prepared when the caries occur at the proximal surface of all anterior teeth. All class III cavity should be filled with tooth colored restorative material (composite resin). The only exception is the distal surface of maxillary canine ูƒู„ุงุณ ูฃ ูŠุญุถุฑ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุงู„ caries ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ proximal ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุงู…ุงู…ูŠู‡ .. ุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒู„ุงุณ ูฃ cavity ูŠุฌุจ ุงู†ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุณู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆู† ุงุจูŠุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุฒุช ... ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฏุณุชู„ ุณูŠุฑูุณ ู„ู„ maxillary canine ุงู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูุถู„ ุงู†ูˆ ุงุณูˆูŠ ุจุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู… ุฒูŠู† ุดูˆูƒุช ุงุณูˆูŠ ุจุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู…ู„ุบู… ุŸ

#ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ_ู…ู‡ู…ู‡๐ŸŒธ โœ…Isthmus: โฉis the area present at the junction between the occlusal part and proximal part of the cavity (prox
#ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ_ู…ู‡ู…ู‡๐ŸŒธ โœ…Isthmus: โฉis the area present at the junction between the occlusal part and proximal part of the cavity (proximal box) ุงู„Isthmus ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠ ูˆูŠู‡ ุฌุฒุก proximal ุจู„ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ูŠ ุญูุฑุชู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุตุงูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑู…ุซู„ุง ู‚ู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ูŠู…ู†ู‰ ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฑุจุท ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงุณู…ู‡ Isthmus โฉit should be as narrow as possible (1/4 of ICD) to reduce the force on it and prevent fracture of the restoration. ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู„ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุถูŠู‚ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุทู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู„ ุงู„ุงุถุงูู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ โฉThe depth of Isthmus is 1.5 - 2 mm to have a good bulk of the restoration at this area. ุงู„ุนู…ู‚ ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† 1.5 - 2 mm ุญุชู‰ ุชุณูˆูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชุฌู„ุณ

ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงุงุงุงุงุงุงู… ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุงุช ุชุจุน class2 ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุงูˆู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุงุช ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน fissure ูˆุงุดูƒู„ู‡ ุจู„ ุชูˆุฑุจุงูŠู† ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงุฎุทุท ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุณู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงูƒู„ูˆุดู„ ู„ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูƒุณู…ู„ ูˆุงุฎุทุท ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจุงู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู† ุญุชู‰ ู…ู† ุงุญูุฑ ู…ุง ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุงุช ุชุทุฎ ุจู„ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู„ุงูƒู„ูˆุดู„ ูˆุงุญูุฑ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุฑุงุญ ุงุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ buccolingually ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุงูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ูƒูˆู†ุชุงูƒุช ุงูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูƒุณู…ู„ ูˆุงู†ุฒู„ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุจู†ุณุจู‡ 0.5mm ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุงุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงุงูŠ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆูƒุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠู‡ ุงู†ูˆ ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ูุดุฑ ุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู‚ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒุงูุชูŠ ุงู„ูŠ ุณูˆูŠุชู‡ ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุจู„ ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุงูˆุตู„ ู„ู„ูƒูˆู†ุชุงูƒุช ุงูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุทุจู‚ู‡ ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฑุฌู† ุฑุฌ ู…ุง ุงู‚ุทุนู‡ุง ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ occlusogingivally ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงุญุฑูƒู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ buccolingually ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฑุงุญ ุงุดูŠู„ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุทุจู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ู‡ ู…ู† enamel thin shell ุจูˆุงุณุทู‡ chisel ูˆุจู‡ู„ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุตุงุฑุชgingivally , buccally and lingually ุญุฑู‡ ูˆู…ูุชูˆุญู‡ free the contact gingivally , buccally and lingually. โฉresistance form (proximal box)is provided by: ุงุดู„ูˆู† ุญุชุณูˆูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงูุชูŠ ุจุญูŠุซ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ูˆู‡ ูŠู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุงุณู„ุทุช ู‚ูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ูŠู‚ุงูˆู…ู‡ุง ุจุณ ุฑูƒุฒูˆ (proximal box) ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุณุทุญ proximal (1) the gingival wall being relatively flat and smooth and perpendicular to forces directed with the long axis of the tooth ุฌุฏุงุฑ gingival ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุทุญ ูˆู†ุงุนู… ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุทู„ุทู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู† (2) cavosurface angles approximately 90 degrees are indicated. to ensure that no undermined enamel rods remain on the proximal margins and adequate thickness for amalgam ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู…ุงู„ cavosurface ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† 90 ุฏุฑุฌู‡ ุญุชู‰ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠู‡ ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ู…ู„ ุฑูˆุฏ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงุถู…ู† ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุงูƒูˆ ุงู†ู…ู„ ุฑูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูƒุณู…ู„ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงูˆูุฑ ุณู…ุงูƒู‡ ูƒุงููŠู‡ ู„ู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุงู„ุงู…ู„ุบู… (3) the buccal and lingual walls shoud be diverge proximally to open contact and remove unsupported enamel. ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงุงุจูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆูˆู† ู…ุชุจุงุนุฏูŠู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงูุชุญ ูƒูˆู†ุชุงูƒุช ุจุงู„ุงุตุงูู‡ ุงู„ู‰ ุงุฒุงู„ู‡ ูƒูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุนูˆู…ู‡ ูˆุงู„ู…ุชุถุฑุฑู‡ (4) Axiopulpal line angel should be beveled o prevent stress concentration area to restoration ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุท ุฒุงูˆูŠู‡ Axiopulpal line angel ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงูŠู„ู‡ ุญุชู‰ ู†ู…ู†ุน ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ (5) slightly rounding the internal line angles to reduce stress concentration in tooth structure ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ูŠู† ุจู…ู†ุทู‚ู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ู‡ (6) gingival cavosurface margin in enamel require a slight bevel using gingival marginal trimmer to remove unsupported enamel. ุงู„ุญุงูู‡ ู…ุงู„ gingival cavosurface ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠู„ุงู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงู† ุฑุงุญ ุงุณูˆูŠ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… gingival marginal trimmer ุญุชู‰ ุงุดูŠู„ ูƒูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุฏุนูˆู… โœ…retention form (proximal box)is provided by ุงุดู„ูˆู† ุญุณูˆูŠ retention ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุฑู‡ ุงูƒูˆู„ู„ูƒู… ุงู†ูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุชูŠู†ุดู† ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ุจูŠ ุงู†ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ูƒุงูุชูŠ ูˆู…ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ู„ ุดูŠ ุงุดู„ูˆู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ 1-the occlusal convergence of facial and lingual walls occlusaly ุงูˆู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ุงุณุทุญ ู…ุงู„ ุชุงุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆูƒู„ ูˆุงู„ู„ู†ูƒูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจู‡ 2-the dovetail design of the occlusal step. ุงู„ุชุตู…ูŠู… ู…ุงู„ ุงุงุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงุทุจุงู‚ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุงุณุจ 3-flat gingival wall. ุณุทุญ gingival ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุทุญ 4- Proximal retention locks in the axiofacial and axiolingual line angles ุงู„ุงู‚ูุงู„ ู…ุงู„ Proximal retention ุญู†ูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง axiofacial and axiolingual line angles โœ…Convenience form : The axial wall should be parallel to the long axis of the tooth, to have a good accessibility to the deepest point of the cavity. ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุฎูŠุฑ ู„ู„ูƒุงูู†ุชูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุชุฌูŠ ุญุดูˆู‡ ุชุชูƒุนุฏ ุจู„ ูƒุงูุชูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† axial ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุณู† ุญุชู‰ ู†ูƒุฏุฑ ู†ูˆุตู„ ุงู„ู‰ ุงุนู…ู‚ ู†ู‚ุทู‡ ุจู„ ุชุฌูˆูŠู โœ…Removal of the remaining caries and toilet of the cavity. ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุฑุงุญ ุงุดูŠู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒูŠุฑูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ุชุจู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆุงู†ุถู ุงู„ูƒุงูุชูŠ ูˆุงุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุญุดูˆู‡

#ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ๐ŸŒ€at the end we will have a proximal box with the following walls: ุจู†ู‡ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุฑุงุญ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ูˆุจูŠ ุงุฑุจุน ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ู‡ุฐู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุนู‡ ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† : a) axial wall: parallel with long axis of the tooth. ูŠูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงุทูˆู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุณู† b) gingival seat : perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุณู† c) buccal wall d) lingual (palatal wall) ๐ŸŒ€and has the following line angles Axiogingival line angle Axiobuccal line angle Axiolingual (palatal) line angle Axiopulpal line angle ู‡ุฐูŠ ู‡ูŠุง ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡

One of the most important point in class II cavity is that we should not hit the adjacent tooth by rotary bur โฉsince the proximal surface of the adjacent tooth is intact and smooth , so any cut will produce a rough surface and this facilitate food and bacterial accumulation which will cause caries to the sound tooth. ุงุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ููŠ ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ุตู†ู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุฃู† ูŠุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุจุฑ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฑ ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุงูˆุฑ ุณู„ูŠู… ูˆุณู„ุณ ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ูุฅู† ุฃูŠ ู‚ุทุน ุณูˆู ูŠุญุฏุซ ุชู†ุชุฌ ุณุทุญ ุฎุดู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุจุจ ุชุณูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ. โฉWe can avoid this by: A- Placing a matrix band between the two adjacent teeth , place the fissure bur at the same depth of class I cavity and continue cutting towards the proximal marginal ridge until the end of the tooth is reached. (the opening has the same width of the bur and same depth of class I) ุญุชู‰ ุงูƒุฏุฑ ุงุฌู†ุจ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุฎู„ูŠ ูุฏ ุดุฑูŠุท ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ band ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑู‡ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ุงุฎู„ูŠ ูุดุฑ ุจูŠุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนู…ู‚ ู…ุงู„ ูƒู„ุงุณ 1 ูˆุงุณุชู…ุฑ ุจู„ ุงู„ุญูุฑ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ proximal marginal ridge ูˆุงู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุงูˆุตู„ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณู† ุฒูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cavity ุงู„ูŠ ุณูˆูŠุชู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู†ูุณ ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุนู…ู‚ ู…ุงู„ุชู‡ ู†ูุณ ูƒู„ุงุณ 1