𝐙𝐀𝐆 𝐃𝐨𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐬 57 || Scheme

Uses of Ephedrine --> Ephedrine

تجميعات Antifungal ■ Drugs for Dermatophyte: - Terbinefine --> Oral & Topical - Ketoconazole (Azole) --> Oral & Topical - Griseofulvin --> Oral ■ Drugs for Candida: - Ketoconazole (Azole) - Fluconazole --> systemic, esophageal, oropharyngeal - Caspofungin - Micafungin --> Prophylaxis & Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - Nystatin ■ All antifungal are fungicidal EXCEPT Griseofulvin ✅ Favourable combination: Amphotericin B + Flucytosine --> Decrease dose & nephrotoxicity ❌ Unfavorable combination: - Amphotericin B + Azole --> Decrease amphotericin effect - Azole + (Antacid/H2 Blocker) --> Decrease azole effect (absorption)

Quantitative data tests : 2 independent groups → ✅ Unpaired T-test Same group (Before & After) → ✅ Paired T-test More than 2 groups → ✅ ANOVA Large sample (≥30) أو Population SD معروفة → ✅ Z-test

⏳ Time (سنين – شهور – أيام) ➜ ✅ Line diagram 🥧 Parts of a whole (نسب مئوية/أجزاء من الكل) ➜ ✅ Pie chart 📊 Continuous numerical data (طول، وزن، عمر، ضغط...) ➜ ✅ Histogram 📈 Continuous data + شكل التوزيع ➜ ✅ Frequency polygon 📉 Comparison between categories (ذكر/أنثى، محافظات، فصائل دم...) ➜ ✅ Bar chart كلمة السر في الامتحان: Trend / Over time / During years ➜ Line diagram ✅ Percentage / Proportion / Distribution of a whole ➜ Pie chart ✅ Continuous data ➜ Histogram أو Frequency polygon ✅

🚨Take Care ■ Types of Data Age --> Contiuous Hemoglobin level --> Contiuous Height --> Contiuous Weight --> Contiuous Number of students --> Discrete RBCs Count --> Discrete Pulse rate --> Discrete Socioeconomic status --> Ordinal Gender --> Categorical Residence --> Categorical Blood group --> Categorical ■ Significant test for regression - Linear regression --> t test of regression - Multiple regression --> F test ■ Degree of Freedom (df): - df for t test = (n1+n2)-2 - df for Z test = 2 - df for Chi square test = (row-1)*(column-1) ■ Significance test for two means: - small sample and not normal --> t test - large sample and normal --> Z test ■ Parameter VS Statistics: - Population --> Parameter (Greek letters) - Sample --> Statistics (English letters) ■ Mortality Rate: - Maternal mortality rate = no. of dead mothers/ number of women in reproductive age - Maternal mortality ratio= no. of dead mothers/ no. of live birth ■ Diffence between Morbidity & Mortality: - Case fatility = dead cases/ ill cases --> a measure of morbidity - Cause specific mortality= dead cases beacuse of a specific cause/ population - Proportional mortality = dead cases beacuse of a specific cause/ total deaths  ■ Best measure for: - Fertility --> Net reproductive rate - Morbidity --> Incidence & Prevelance - Mortality--> Age specific mortality ■ Uses of vital indices: Incidence Rate --> Disease surveillance, risk factors, relative importance of one disease to another Prevalence Rate --> Disease burden, planning, diagnosis Case Fatality Rate (CFR) --> Virulence, fatility Maternal mortality ratio --> indicate health system efficacy Cause specific mortality rate --> severity of disease to cause death  Proportional (relative) mortality rate --> relative importance of one death cause to another ■ Intersection of fields: - Health Informatics --> Health + Information Technology + Computer science - Puplic Health Informatics --> Health Informatics + E-Health + Business ■ Internet VS Intranet Intranet --> local (organizations) Internet --> global

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تجميعات ANS ■ Glucoma Treatment - Adrenaline - BBlockers - Pilo carpine - Carbachol - Neostigmine - Demecarium (Neostigmine substitute) ...................................... ■ CI with Pheochromocytoma: - Clonidine - a Methyl Dopa ■ Treatment of Pheochromocytoma: - a Methyl Tyrosine - Phenoxy benzamine - Phentolamine ...................................... ■ CI with MAO Inhibitors: - Adrenaline - Tyramine ...................................... ■ ADHD Treatment: - Ephedrine - Atomoxeitine

تجميعات ANS ■ Glucoma Treatment - Adrenaline - BBlockers - Pilo carpine - Carbachol - Neostigmine - Demecarium (Neostigmine substitute) ...................................... ■ CI with Pheochromocytoma: - Clonidine - a Methyl Dopa ■ Treatment of Pheochromocytoma: - a Methyl Tyrosine - Phenoxy benzamine - Phentolamine ...................................... ■ CI with MAO Inhibitors: - Adrenaline - Tyramine ...................................... ■ ADHD Treatment: - Ephedrine - Atomoxeitine

Chemotherapy تجميعات ■ All chemotherapy are bactericidal EXCEPT: Cidal TCML SuTr تكمل سطر - Tetracycline - Chloramphenicol - Clindamycin, Maceolides --> static at small dose & cidal at large - Linezolid --> static with all bacteria & cidal with streptococci - Sulphonamides - Trimethoprim ..................................................... ■ Broad Spectrum Drugs: Cef TCRAM Car سيف تكرم ب كار - Cefipime (4th gen. Cephalosporin) - Tetracycline - Chloramphenicol - Ticarcillin/ Carbencillin (Antipsedomonas Penicillin) - Rifampicin - Ampicillin/ Amoxicillin (Broad Spectrum Penicillin) - Moxifloxacin (4th gen. Quinilones) - Carbapenem ■ Drugs against Negative Aerobic Bacteria: الحاجات اللي فيها N و O جمب بعض هتفكرنا إنها Negative و Oxygen dependant - Aminoglycosides - 2nd & 3rd gen. Cephalosporin - Monobactam (Azetronam) - 1st & 2nd gen. Quinilones ■ Drugs against Positive Anaerobic Bacteria: Live Positive - Clindamycin - Linezolid - Levofloxacin (3rd generation Quinilones) - Vancomycin ..................................................... ■ Drugs that cause ototoxicity: - Aminoglycosides - Macrolides - Vancomycin ■Drugs that cause phototoxicity: - Tetracycline - Quinilones ■Drugs that cause Nephrotoxicity: - Aminoglycosides - Cephalosporin - Vancomycin - Carbapenem ■Drugs that cause Thrombophlebitis: - Macrolides - Cephalosporin ■Drugs that cause Teratogenicity: - Tetracycline ■Drugs that cause Superinfection: - Tetracycline - Chloramphenicol ■Drugs that cause Optic neuritis: - Chloramphenicol - Linezolid ■Drugs that cause cross allergy: - B lactames

🔘 ttt of HTN with pregnancy ---> a. DOC alpha methyldopa b. Labetalol 🔘 ttt of HTN crisis --> a. Tyramine reaction or cheese reaction b. Clonidine withdrawal syndrome c. Pheochromocytoma 🔘 ttt of HTN urgency --> a. Clonidine 🔘 ttt of HTN emergency --> a. Fenoldopam 🔘 ttt of HTN with BPH --> doxazosin 🔘 ttt of BPH only --> tamsulosin 🔘 ttt of pulmonary HTN --> Tolazolin 🔘 ttt of mild HTN --> B BLOCKER 🔘 ttt of chronic heart faliure---> ▪ Bisoprolo metoprolo carvidiolol in small doses 🔘 ttt of Acute heart faliure---> ▪ Dobutamine

📚POD Final Notes

Pharma 💊

Patho 🔬

Micro 🦠

Para 🪱

📝PP4 Final Notes

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