Hematology & Immunology || Zag Doctors

Islam 4⃣ | Surgical hemostasis

Islam 3⃣ | Hemostasis 2

Islam 2⃣ | Hemostasis

Islam 1⃣ | Spleen

🔻Surgery🔻

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Erythropoiesis ☑️Stem Cells: Self-renewal and pluripotency (can differentiate into all blood cell types). ☑️Progenitor Cells (BFU-E & CFU-E): Committed stem cells lose self-renewal ability and become irreversibly specialized. ☑️BFU-E gives rise to thousands of erythroid precursors; regulated by Burst Promoting Activity (BPA). ☑️CFU-E is highly dependent on erythropoietin. ☑️BFU-E (Burst-Forming Unit): Unipotent progenitor, less sensitive to erythropoietin, responds to other stimuli. ☑️CFU-E (Colony-Forming Unit): Highly sensitive to and dependent on erythropoietin. ☑️Proerythroblast: Large cell (15-20 µm), nucleus with nucleoli, basophilic cytoplasm, no hemoglobin, mitotically active. ☑️Basophilic/Early Normoblast: Reduced size (14-17 µm), fewer nucleoli, basophilic cytoplasm, active mitosis. ☑️Polychromatophilic/Intermediate Normoblast: Smaller (10-15 µm), chromatin condensation, hemoglobin production begins, reduced mitosis. ☑️Orthochromatic Normoblast: Small (7-10 µm), compact nucleus near the membrane (pyknotic nucleus extruded), high hemoglobin, no mitosis. ☑️Reticulocyte: Slightly larger than mature RBC, no nucleus or organelles, contains polyribosomes. Released prematurely during severe anemia (reticulocyte count rises). ☑️Mature Erythrocyte: Biconcave, circular red cells (7-8 µm), no internal structures, high hemoglobin content, bright center due to shape.