🧬📚🏺📜 Steppe Archive

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243

Repost from Uzbek DNA

Узбек из Яйпана R1b → R-PH155 → R-FTB336 По результатам Family Finder у узбека из города Яйпан Узбекского района выявлена Y-гаплогруппа R-FTB336, общий предок которой жил около 3950 года до н. э. Она относится к редкой азиатской ветви R1b — R-PH155. Ранние носители R-PH155 известны среди населения культуры Сяохэ в Таримском бассейне, близкого к ботайской культуре и западносибирским охотникам-собирателям. Позднее линия встречалась среди населения, связанного с культурой Ширэнзыгоу, а затем и у ранних хунну, от которых попала к средневековым тюркам и монголам. Среди современных носителей R-FTB336 известны турки и один саудиец, возможно турецкого происхождения. Вероятно, их ветвь попала в Анатолию во время огузских миграций, тогда как узбекский образец может относиться либо к той же огузской линии, либо к отдельной параллельной тюркской ветви.

ПалеоДНК образцы ⚱️🇲🇳 Salkhityn 5 (ранний хунну, 150 г. до н. э. - 120 г. н. э.) ⚱️🇲🇳 Bulgan 13176 (монгол, 890 - 982 гг.)

——— Yaypanlik o‘zbek R1b → R-PH155 → R-FTB336 Family Finder natijalariga ko‘ra, O‘zbekiston tumanining Yaypan shahridan bo‘lgan o‘zbekda R-FTB336 Y-gaploguruhi aniqlangan. Ushbu liniyaning umumiy ajdodi taxminan mil. avv. 3950-yilda yashagan. U R1b ning noyob osiyolik tarmog‘i — R-PH155 ga mansub. R-PH155 ning ilk vakillari Tarim havzasidagi Syaoxe madaniyati aholisi orasida aniqlangan bo‘lib, ular Botay madaniyati va G‘arbiy Sibir ovchi-yig‘uvchilariga genetik jihatdan yaqin bo‘lgan. Keyinchalik bu liniya Shirenzigou madaniyati bilan bog‘liq aholida, undan so‘ng esa ilk hunlar orasida uchraydi. Aynan shu muhit orqali u keyinchalik o‘rta asr turklari va mo‘g‘ullari orasiga tarqalgan. R-FTB336 ning zamonaviy vakillari orasida turklar va ehtimol turk kelib chiqishiga ega bo‘lgan bir saudiyalik ma’lum. Ehtimol, ularning tarmog‘i Onadoʻliga o‘g‘uz migratsiyalari davrida kirib kelgan, Yaypandan olingan o‘zbek namunasi esa yoki shu o‘g‘uz tarmog‘iga, yoki alohida parallel turkiy tarmoqqa mansub bo‘lishi mumkin.

PaleoDNK namunalari ⚱️🇲🇳 Salkhityn 5 (ilk hun, mil. avv. 150 — mil. 120) ⚱️🇲🇳 Bulgan 13176 (mo‘g‘ul, mil. 890–982)

243

Repost from N/a

Face-Cutting Ritual among the Ancient Turks This was a mourning ritual. When an important ruler died, mourners showed their grief by cutting their hair and making cuts on their ears, cheeks, or other parts of the body. The practice is attested in the Bilge Qaghan Inscription, in its account of the great qaghan’s funeral ceremony:

𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜𐰢𐰀 : 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣𐰢𐰀 : 𐰘𐰏𐰤 : 𐰨𐰀 : 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰆 : 𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰢 : 𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀 : 𐰴𐰔𐰍𐰣𐰯 : 𐰴𐰭𐰢 : 𐰴𐰍𐰣 : 𐰃𐱃 : 𐰘𐰃𐰞 : 𐰆𐰣𐰨 : 𐰖 : 𐰞𐱃𐰃 : 𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀 : 𐰆𐰲𐰀 : 𐰉𐰺𐰑𐰃 : 𐰞𐰍𐰔𐰃𐰤 : 𐰘𐰃𐰞 : 𐰋𐰃𐰾𐰨 : 𐰖 : 𐰘𐰃𐱅𐰃 : 𐰆𐱃𐰔𐰴𐰀 : 𐰖𐰆𐰍 : 𐰼𐱅𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰢 : 𐰉𐰆𐰴𐰍 : 𐱃𐰆𐱃𐰸 türükümä : bodunuma : yigin : ança : kazganu : birtim : bunça : kazganıp : kangım : kagan : ıt : yıl : onunç : ay : altı : otuzka : uça : bardı : lagzın : yıl : bişinç : ay : yiti : otuzka : yug : ärtürtüm : bukag : tutuk

After accomplishing so much, my father the qaghan died on the twenty-sixth day of the tenth month of the Year of the Dog. I held his funeral ceremony on the twenty-seventh day of the fifth month of the Year of the Pig

𐰴𐰭𐰃 : 𐰠𐰃𐰾𐰇𐰤 : 𐱃𐰖 : 𐰾𐰭𐰇𐰤 : 𐰉𐱁𐰑𐰆 : 𐰋𐰃𐰾 : 𐰘𐰇𐰔 : 𐰼𐰤 : 𐰚𐰠𐱅𐰃 : 𐰸𐰆𐰴𐰞𐰴 : 𐰇 --- : 𐰞𐱃𐰆𐰣 : 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰾 : 𐰚𐰼𐰏𐰚𐰾𐰔 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐱅𐰃 : 𐰖𐰆𐰍 : 𐰘𐰯𐰺𐰃𐰍 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯 : 𐱅𐰃𐰚𐰀 : 𐰋𐰃𐰼𐱅𐰃 : 𐰲𐰃𐰦𐰣 : 𐰃𐰍𐰲 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯 : 𐰇𐰔 : 𐰖𐰺𐱁 kaŋı : lisün : tay : säŋün : başadu : biş : yüz : ärän : kälti : kokuluk : ö --- : altun : kümüş : kärgäksiz : kälürti : yug : yıparıg : kälürüp : tikä : birti : çından : ıgaç : kälürüp : öz : yaraş

Lisün Tay-Sengün, the father of Bukug Tutuk, came at the head of five hundred men. They brought abundant gold and silver. They brought funeral incense and set it upright. They brought sandalwood…

𐰉𐰆𐰨𐰀 : 𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰣 : 𐰽𐰲𐰃𐰤 : 𐰸𐰆𐰞𐰴𐰴𐰃𐰤 : 𐰖𐰭𐰴𐰃𐰤 : 𐰉𐰃𐰲𐰑𐰃 : 𐰓𐰏𐰇 : 𐰇𐰔𐰠𐰚 : 𐱃𐰃𐰤 : 𐰴𐰺𐰀 : 𐰚𐰃𐰾𐰃𐰤 : 𐰚𐰇𐰚 : 𐱅𐰘𐰭𐰃𐰤 : 𐰽𐰣𐰽𐰔 : 𐰚𐰠𐰇𐰼𐰯 : 𐰸𐰆𐰯 : 𐰸𐰆𐱃𐰃 bunça : bodun : saçın : kulkakın : yaŋakın : bıçdı : edgü : özlük : atın : kara : kişin : kök : täyäŋin : sansız : kälürüp : kop : kotı

All these people cut their hair, ears, and cheeks. They brought countless fine riding horses, black sables, and grey-blue squirrels and left them all as offerings. A similar tradition is recorded by Herodotus in Book 4 of his Histories. He describes the funeral procession of a Scythian king. When different communities received the royal corpse, they performed the same mourning rites as the Royal Scythians:

...οἳ δὲ ἂν παραδέξωνται κομισθέντα τὸν νεκρόν, ποιεῦσι τά περ οἱ βασιλήιοι Σκύθαι· τοῦ ὠτὸς ἀποτάμνονται, τρίχας περικείρονται, βραχίονας περιτάμνονται, μέτωπον καὶ ῥῖνα καταμύσσονται, διὰ τῆς ἀριστερῆς χειρὸς...

Then those that receive the dead man at his coming do the same as do the Royal Scythians; that is, they cut off a part of their ears, shave their heads, make cuts round their arms, tear their foreheads and noses, and pierce their left hands with arrows. A related practice is also documented among the Xiongnu. The Book of the Later Han records their reaction to the death of the Han general Geng Bing:

匈奴聞秉卒，舉國號哭，或至梨面流血。

When the Xiongnu heard of his death, their entire country wailed and wept mournfully. Some were so overcome with grief that they deeply cut their faces until blood flowed.

Tekin, T. (1968). A grammar of Orkhon Turkic. User, H. Ş. (2008). Kan ağla- ve baş bağla- deyimlerinin Bilge Kağan ve Suci yazıtları temelinde açıklaması. Herodotus. (1921). The Histories (A. D. Godley, Trans.; Vol. 2, Book 4, §71) Fan, Y. (n.d.). Book of the Later Han, vol. 19

243

Repost from Iranic DNA

Lir Turkic (Oghur-Onogur-Bulghar-Volga Bulghar-Khazar-Kabar) Y-dna

Sample size: 59

📚Source: www.familytreedna.com

🧬 T.me/Iranic_dna 🔗 https://iranicdna.com 🌐 https://x.com/Iranicdna

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Descriptions of Physical Appearance of Turkic-Speaking Peoples in Medieval Historical Sources Credit: Steppe Archive

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Repost from Uzbek DNA

Узбек из Ферганской области Самый ранний известный предок — из села Эскиараб, Алтыарыкский район. С2 → C-F1918 По результатам FamilyFinder у узбека из Алтыарыкского района Ферганской области выявлена гаплогруппа C-F1918, с общим предком около 1100 г. до н. э. Эта линия распространена среди азиатских степных народов как монголы, казахи, кыргызы, хазарейцы, ногайцы, каракалпаки и узбеки. Субклад C-F1918 считается характерным для нирун-монголов, что исторически объяснимо: многие узбекские племена — мангыт, барлас, катаган, дурман, арлат и другие — восходят к нирун-монгольским родам.

ПалеоДНК образцы ⚱️🇷🇺 Primorsky 14771 (Бойсманская культура, 3750 - 3600 гг. до н. э.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Kayalyk 2 (монгол, 700 - 1100 гг.) ⚱️🇲🇳 Tavan khailaast 4-2 (монгол, 1283 - 1320 гг.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Golden Horde Elite 2 (монгольская элита, 1286 - 1398 гг.)

——— Farg‘ona viloyatidan o‘zbek Eng qadimgi ma’lum ajdodi — Oltiariq tumanidagi Eskiarab qishlog‘idan. С2 → C-F1918 FamilyFinder natijalariga ko‘ra, Farg‘ona viloyatining Oltiariq tumanidan bo‘lgan o‘zbekda C-F1918 gaploguruhi aniqlangan. Ushbu liniyaning umumiy ajdodi taxminan mil. avv. 1100-yillarda yashagan. Bu tarmoq mo‘g‘ullar, qozoqlar, qirg‘izlar, hazoralar, no‘g‘oylar, qoraqalpoqlar va o‘zbeklar kabi Osiyo dasht xalqlari orasida tarqalgan. C-F1918 subkladi nirun-mo‘g‘ullarga xos hisoblanadi, bu tarixiy jihatdan ham tushunarli: ko‘plab o‘zbek qabilalari — mang‘it, barlos, qatag‘on, do‘rmon, arlot va boshqalar o‘z kelib chiqishini nirun-mo‘g‘ul urug‘lariga bog‘laydi.

PaleoDNK namunalari ⚱️🇷🇺 Primorsky 14771 (Boysman madaniyati, mil. avv. 3750 – 3600 y.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Kayalyk 2 (moʻgʻul, mil. 700 – 1100 y.) ⚱️🇲🇳 Tavan Khailaast 4-2 (moʻgʻul, mil. 1283 – 1320 y.) ⚱️🇰🇿 Golden Horde Elite 2 (moʻgʻul elita, mil. 1286 – 1398 y.)

243

Y-DNA & mtDN Haplogroups for Turkic & non-Turkic Speaking Groups Turkic: Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Karluks from Khatlon region in Tajiktsan, Uyghur, Turkmen non-Turkic: Hazara, Tajik Dungan Source (Supporting Information > Supporting File 2 > table S4): Whole-Genome Sequencing Pilot of the Central Asian Genomic Diversity Project Reveals Distinct Histories, Adaptation, and Introgression

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Whole-Genome Sequencing Pilot of the Central Asian Genomic Diversity Project Reveals Distinct Histories, Adaptation, and Introgression

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Ancient DNA reveals elite dynastic rule among Iron Age Eurasian Steppe nomads Reconstructions of selected high-status individuals and a map of sites included in the study. (A) Geographical distribution of sampled sites and individuals. Exemplary reconstructions are shown for individuals from sites Berel, Eleke Sazy, Issyk, Shilikty, and Tasaryk (Urdzhar), as well as images of elite kurgans and artifacts found at the same sites. The Eastern Scythian region is indicated with shading and geographical areas for selected archaeological cultures are shown. (B) Temporal distribution of the samples based on site and sorted chronologically. All reconstructions of clothing and weapons were made by K. Altynbekov (Ostrov Krym), except for Eleke Sazy, which was done under the supervision of Z. Samashev. Illustrations were made by A. Kumarbekova on the basis of the reconstructions. Credit: Nrken19

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فحص جيني لبعض الرفات من موقع معركة ملاذكرد!!!

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https://x.com/i/status/2073043967914988015

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🧬 qpAdm Model for Göktürk Samples from Özdemir et al. 2026 Study | (15 Samples)

60.2% Altai-Steppe_Huns 30.2% BulanKoby_Scythians 9.67% Medieval Sogdians

Sample ID - Y-DNA - mtDNA: ALTGC075W - J2a-PF5050 - D2b1 ALTGC081W - J2a-L581 - F1b1b ALTGC082W - J2a-PH1795 - D4b2b ALTGC087W - J2a-L581 - F1b1b ALTGC088W - N/A (Female) - F1b1b ALTGC098W - J2a-L581 - D4j11 ALTS083W - J2a-PF5008 - H3h ALTS084W - N/A (Female) - F1b1b ALTS090W - N/A (Female) - D4b1a2a1 ALTS091W - J2a-PF5056 - B4b1a3 ALTS092W - N/A (Female) - G3a3 ALTS094W - N/A (Female) - U2e1h ALTS097W - N/A (Female) - H15a1a ALTS099W2 - N/A (Female) - H13 ALTS99W - N/A (Female) - H13 Publication: Ancient human genomes from the Altai region reveal population continuity and shifts in the 4th-12th centuries Group ID: Russia_Altai_Mt_Turkic_Khaganate Date: 500-720 CE Location: mountainous altai Credit: Steppe Archive

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Phenotyping Data of Solokovska-Type Burials (Elite Khazars) Credit: Skytmen Publication: DNA Phenotyping of Remains from Elite Burials of the Khazar Period of Southern Russia

243

Repost from Uzbek Genealogy

Гаплогруппы уйгуров разных регионов ——— Har hil muhitdagi uyg'urlarning gaploguruhlari.

Manbalar: 1) https://www.cell.com/ajhg/fulltext/S0002-9297(07)61171-9 2) Hua Zhong et al., 2010, "Extended Y-chromosome investigation suggests post-Glacial migrations of modern humans into East Asia via the northern route", Mol Biol Evol, doi: 10.1093/molbev/msq247. 3) https://ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/rlxxb/xbwzxz/201805/P020180515379362334965.pdf 4) https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9246034/#CIT0032

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🧬 New Pre-Mongol Cuman–Kipchak Elite Woman sample (12th–13th Century CE) from the Lower Don, Russia In PCA, the Cuman-Kipchak woman (Pol01) clusters with modern Kazakhs, Karakalpaks, and Astrakhan Nogais. ADMIXTURE Results (Approximately): (61% East Eurasian | 39% West Eurasian)

33% Han 28% Nganasan 19% ANF 17% EHG 3% WHG

 mtDNA haplogroup: FTDNA: T1a5 YFull: T1a5 Publication: Genomic analysis of an individual from a Polovtsian burial in the "Krasny IV" burial mound cemetery (Rostov region) Sample ID: Pol01 Date: 12th–13th centuries CE Location: Aksay district, Rostov region, Russia Credit: Steppe Archive

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🧬 Medieval and Neolithic-Bronze Age qpAdm Models for Karluk_1 sample DA222 Neolithic-Bronze Age (45.3% East Eurasian | 54.7% West Eurasian)

29.1% Transbaikal_EMN 28.4% BMAC 21.3% Sintashta_MLBA 16.2 % Yellow River Farmer 5.1% Tarim_EMBA

Medieval Age

62.3% Eastern Gokturk 37.7% Medieval Sogdian

Y-DNA haplogroup: TheYTree: J2-A14140 FTDNA: J2-FT384007 YFull: J2-Y163996 mtDNA haplogroup: FTDNA: A YFull: A25b* Publication: DamgaardNature2018 Sample ID: DA222 Group ID: Kazakhstan_Karluk_1.SG Date: 800-1100 CE Location: Butakty-1 (Almaty Region, Medeu District), Kazakhstan Credit: Steppe Archive

243

Repost from N/a

🧬 MADAI0077 — Turkey_Giresun_Turkish.MD 🇹🇷 Y-DNA Haplogroup: 🔹 Q-M120 Ethnic Information: 🇹🇷 Turkish 📍 Giresun, Turkey 👨 Father’s Ethnicity: Turkish 👩 Mother’s Ethnicity: Turkish qpAdm Admixture Model (2-Way) 🧬 ✅ PASS | ✅ Feasible 📊 p-value: 0.666 📈 Fit: Excellent 📉 chisq: 1.57 Ancestry Composition: 🔴 51.1% Turkey_Aegean_Mugla_Stratonikeia_Byzantine.AG 🟠 48.9% Kazakhstan_Southeast_Karakhanid.SG This model was generated using ADMIXTOOLS (qpAdm), a statistical framework used to test and model ancestry proportions between ancient and modern populations. The result suggests a nearly balanced ancestry profile between an Anatolian Byzantine-related source and a medieval Karakhanid Turkic source. 🌐 Website: https://madailabs.de 💬 Discord: https://discord.gg/6Jef7sYsaD

243

Repost from Qırım DNA | тамырлар

#Таджиев, г. Къарасувбазар, Средняя полоса Субклад: R1a-Y147340 (BIG-Y) ㅤ

Къарасувбазар - исторически один из важнейших городов Крымского ханства.

ㅤ Протестированный попадает в степной субклад, в котором он группируется с мадьярской элитой (NKper2), а через предковую ветвь R-BY30941 — с хуннским шаньюем (DA39). Соответственно, ветвь протестированного можно уверенно считать собственно тюркской. Через R-FGC82884 группируется со скифо-сарматами (BSB001, DZS-41, I27825), усунями (DA223), гуннами (DA27) и афанасьевцами/тагарцами (I32519, I6879, I6170, I6169, I6168, метка - Афанасьево, аутосомно - Тагар). На примере этого результата можно видеть явную генетическую преемственность: степь → скифо-сибирский мир → хунну → тюрки. Она же заметна и культурно. А насчет языка скифов и тем более народов степи бронзового века у нас нет надежных и достоверных сведений, утверждать обратное неуместно. #Горно_предгорный_Крым@qirimdnaproject Подписаться | Subscribe 🧬

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Distribution of haplogroup N-B525 (or V-L73 in YFull) | (68 samples) Ethnic distribution:

57.14% Han (n=39) 14.29% Hui (n=10) 12.7% Uyghur (n=9) 6.35% Manchu (n=4) 4.67% Mongolian (n=3) 3.17% Tibetan (n=2) 1.59% Other (n=1)

Credit: Steppe Archive

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Graph shows how Kimak-Kipchak Turks (Srostki culture) were formed Odintsovo culture (Altai Krai region)

Odintsovo was an Iron Age culture in Altai Krai region, which spoke unknown languages. Major paternal lines were R1b-L1432. The autosomal ancestry seems to be Eastern Scythian + local Siberian (WSHG-riched) type ancestries.

Srostki culture (from 8th century onwards)

Since cold war era, the Soviet archeaologists linked Srostki to the Kimaks and Kypchaks. with the WGS data from Srotski, this idea seems to be proven. about a half of the Srostki males as well as a large number of the unpublished Kypchak samples carry Odintsovo-related R1b-L1432, a paternal line that appears to have been a dominated Y-DNA in Kypchak-Kimak union. interestingly, most of modern "Kipchak clan" of the Kazaks also carry this exact subclade. the Kypchak-Kimak union also had considerable amount of J2a-PH1795 from their Altai Shaz Turkic progenitors.

Credit: Skytmen

243

Repost from Qazaq DNA 🧩

Алтай аймағынан алынған ежелгі адам геномдары IV–XII ғасырлар. Ү және Мт ДНҚ. —————— Древние геномы человека из Алтайского региона, IV–XII век. Ү и МТ ДНК. @QazaqDNA