Azeez Master's DREAM IAS MISSION 2030

╭───────────────────╮ ⚡️ Daily Current Affairs : 15-09-2021 ⚡️ ╰───────────────────╯ 1. The Competition Commission of South Korea has fined Google how many crores of rupees for abusing its dominance in the mobile operating system? Ans : 1305 Crore Rupees 2. Who has been nominated by the Trinamool Congress to the Rajya Sabha? Ans : Sushmita Dev 3. The co-founder of the food delivery company Zomato has resigned from the company. What is his name? Ans : Gaurav Gupta 4. Which famous Sri Lankan bowler has retired from all forms of international cricket? Ans : Lasith Malinga 5. Former IPS officer Iqbal Singh Lalpura has been appointed as the chairman of? Ans : National Commission for Minorities 6. Who has been appointed as the new Executive Chairman of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT)? Ans : Justice M. Venugopal. 7. Today (15 September) is being celebrated as which day? Ans : Engineers Day 8. How many new cases of corona have been reported in the country in the last 24 hours? Ans : 27,176 (284 Deaths) 9. Tamil Nadu government has announced to increase the reservation of women in government jobs from 30 percent to what percent? Ans : 40 Percent 10. Who has reached the joint first position with Mithali Raj in the latest ODI rankings released by the ICC? Ans : Lizelle Lee (South Africa)

┌Prelims Practice workbook 2011 - 2020 └Previous Years Paper with Answers & Explanations👇

🥳 Famous Tribes of the World 🥳 ============================== 🔹 Abhors tribe➖Arunachal Pradesh and Assam 🔹 Afridis tribe➖Pakistan 🔹 Akuntsu (Akunt'su or Akunsu) tribe➖Brazil 🔹 Awa tribe➖Brazil 🔹 Batak tribe➖Indonesia 🔹 Bantus tribe➖Africa 🔹 Berbers tribe➖Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia 🔹 Boers tribe➖South Africa 🔹 Bindibu tribe➖Western Australia 🔹 Cossacks tribe➖Russia 🔹 Eskimos tribe➖Greenland, Canada 🔹 Flemings tribe➖Belgium 🔹 Gaucho tribe➖Uruguay, Argentina 🔹 Hamits tribe➖Africa 🔹 Jarawas tribe➖Andaman and Nicobar Islands 🔹 Korowai tribe➖Papua (New Guinea) 🔹 Kyrgyz (Kirghiz) tribe➖Central Asia 🔹 Kikuyu tribe➖Kenya 🔹 Kurds (Kurdish) tribe➖Iraq 🔹 Magyars tribe➖Hungary 🔹 Maoris tribe➖New Zealand 🔹 Masai tribe➖East Africa 🔹 Negroes tribe➖Africa 🔹 Papuans tribe➖New Guinea 🔹 Pygmies tribe➖Congo Basin (Africa) 🔹 Red Indians tribe➖North America 🔹 Sentinelese tribe➖Andaman and Nicobar Islands 🔹 Veddas tribe➖Sri Lanka 🔹 Zulus tribe➖South Africa 🔹 Zoe tribe➖Brazil

☀️Important leader Associated with the Revolt of 1857☀️ ============================== 🙅🏻‍♂️Mangal Pandey ➨Barrackpore 🙅🏻‍♂️Bahadur Shah II, General Bakht Khan ➨Delhi 🙅🏻‍♂️Hakim Ahsanullah (Chief advisor to Bahadur Shah II) ➨Delhi 🙅🏻‍♂️Begum Hazrat Mahal, Birjis Qadir, Ahmadullah (advisor of the ex-Nawab of Awadh) ➨Lucknow 🙅🏻‍♂️Nana Sahib, Rao Sahib (nephew of Nana), Tantia Tope, Azimullah Khan (advisor of Nana Sahib) ➨Kanpur 🙅🏻‍♂️Rani Laxmibai ➨Jhansi 🙅🏻‍♂️Kunwar Singh, Amar Singh ➨Bihar (Jagdishpur) 🙅🏻‍♂️Maulvi Liyakat Ali ➨Allahabad and Banaras 🙅🏻‍♂️Maulvi Ahmadullah (He declared the Revolt as Jihad against English) ➨Faizabad 🙅🏻‍♂️Tufzal Hasan Khan ➨Farrukhabad 🙅🏻‍♂️Mohammad Khan ➨Bijnaur 🙅🏻‍♂️Abdul Ali Khan ➨Muradabad 🙅🏻‍♂️Khan Bahadur Khan ➨Bareilly 🙅🏻‍♂️Firoz Shah ➨Mandsor 🙅🏻‍♂️Tantia Tope ➨Gwalior/Kanpur 🙅🏻‍♂️Kandapareshwar Singh, Manirama Datta ➨Assam 🙅🏻‍♂️Surendra Shahi, Ujjwal Shahi ➨Odisha 🙅🏻‍♂️Raja Pratap Singh ➨Kullu 🙅🏻‍♂️Jaidayal Singh and Hardayal Singh ➨Rajasthan 🙅🏻‍♂️Gajadhar Singh ➨Gorakhpur 🙅🏻‍♂️Sevi Singh, Kadam Singh ➨Mathura

🔆Shiksha Parv ✅Why in News : The Prime minister has recently launched several initiatives in the education sector on Shiksha Parv. The aim behind these initiatives is to make our education system globally competitive. ▪️What is Shiksha Parv ? ✅It is being celebrated by the Ministry of Education. It is celebrated to honor the contributions of teachers. Furthermore, it also highlighted new initiatives under the New Education Policy 2020. ✅Its celebration will encourage innovative practices to ensure not only continuity of education at all levels but to improve quality, inclusive practices and sustainability in the schools across the country as well. ✅Theme: “Quality and Sustainable Schools: Learnings from Schools in India”. ✅PM Modi has launched new initiatives under Azadi ka Amrit Mahaotsav ✅Indian Sign Language dictionary: The dictionary is launched by the Indian Sign Language Research and Training centre of DPwD (Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities). ✅Vidyanjali Portal: This portal is used for facilitating education volunteers, donors and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) contributors for school development. It is the platform for the country to achieve ‘Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, Sabka Vishwas’ with ‘Sabka Prayas’. ✅N-DEAR (National digital architecture): It will act as a ‘super connect between various academic activities, in the same way as UPI interface revolutionized the banking sector. #prelims PIB

🔆Medium Range Surface to Air Missile(MRSAM) ✅ Why in news: The Defence Minister has handed over the first deliverable Firing Unit (FU) of Medium Range Surface to Air Missile(MRSAM) System to the Indian Air Force(IAF). ▪️About Medium Range Surface to Air Missile(MRSAM) ✅Developed by: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) in collaboration with the Indian industry. ✅Purpose: The missile provides air defence against aerial threats like fighter aircraft, UAVs, guided and unguided munitions & cruise missiles. ✅Range: The missile is capable of engaging multiple targets at ranges up to 70 kilometres. ✅Features: The missile is powered by an indigenously developed rocket motor and control system for achieving high manoeuvrability during the terminal phase. #defence #prelims PIB

╭───────────────────╮ ⚡️ Daily Current Affairs : 13-09-2021 ⚡️ ╰───────────────────╯ 1. Who will take oath as the new Chief Minister of Gujarat today? Ans : Bhupendra Patel 2. Who has won the title by defeating Novak Djokovic in the US Open, becoming the 9th player in the world to win the title in the 14-year history of the US Open? Ans : Daniil Medvedev (Russia) 3. Who has been appointed by the Aam Aadmi Party as its national convener for the third time in a row? Ans : Arvind Kejriwal (National Convener), MD Gupta (National Treasurer), Pankaj Gupta (National Secretary). 4. Under which operation, eight Divyangs have set a new world record for reaching the maximum number of Divyangs simultaneously at Kumar Post situated at a height of 15,642 feet of Siachen Glacier? Ans : Operation Blue Freedom Expedition 5. Who has been appointed by the Central Government as the Private Secretary to Defense Minister Rajnath Singh? Ans : DM Alok Tiwari 6. Which eminent Kashmiri writer and former secretary of the Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts, Culture and Languages ​​passed away at the age of 64? Ans : Dr. Ajit Hajini 7. Who has been appointed as the acting President of the Asian Olympic Council (OCA)? Ans : Randhir Singh 8. How many new cases of corona have been reported in the country in the last 24 hours? Ans : 27,254 (219 Deaths) 9. Which bank has appointed hockey player Rani Rampal and cricketer Smriti Mandhana as its new brand ambassadors? Ans : Equiras Small Finance Bank 10. Who has become the first British woman player to win the US Open after 53 years? Ans : Emma Radukanu

‼️Important One-Liners Parliamentary and Federal System (Indian Polity)‼️ ➨In the cabinet form of government, the lower house can remove the government by passing a veto of no confidence. ➨In the Presidential form of government, the President runs with a help of a small cabinet called the kitchen cabinet. It is an advisory body of non-departmental secretaries. ➨In the Parliamentary form of government, the government is unstable, and therefore, there are fewer chances of continuation of the policies. Every newly elected government brings a new set of policies. ➨The lower house of the Parliament can be dissolved by the President on the recommendation of the Prime Minister. Therefore, in a Parliamentary form of government, the executive enjoys the right to get the legislature dissolved. ➨Flexible Constitution provision is not related to the federal government. For eg: the power to initiate an amendment to the Constitution lies only with the Centre. ➨Collective Responsibility is the bedrock system of the Parliamentary system. Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the lower house of the Parliament. ➨In a parliamentary form of Government, ministers are appointed by the President (head of the state) on the recommendations of the Prime Minister (head of the government). ➨No division of powers and unilateral legislature are features of the Unitary system of government. ➨In the Presidential form of government, the President and secretaries are not responsible to the legislature. The President cannot dissolve the House of Representatives - the lower house of Congress. ➨France and Britain have a unilateral form of government. ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

🔆Loan Guarantee Scheme for Covid-affected Sectors (LGSCAS) ✅Why in News: Recently, the Finance Minister has asked all stakeholders to conclude Rs 50,000 crore Loan Guarantee Scheme for Covid-Affected Sectors (LGSCAS) in non-metros in time to deal with any future third wave. 🔸The LGSCAS scheme is aimed at boosting medical infrastructure in the country, specifically targeting underserved areas. ▪️About: ✅The scheme was approved by the government in June 2021. ✅Banks would provide loans for building healthcare infrastructure in non-metro cities and smaller towns at a maximum interest rate of 7.95%. ▪️Guarantee Coverage: ✅LGSCAS provides a guarantee of 50% for brownfield projects and 75% to greenfield projects for loans sanctioned up to Rs.100 crore, set up at urban or rural locations other than 8 Metropolitan Tier 1 cities (Class X cities). ✅For aspirational districts, the guarantee cover for both brownfield expansion and greenfield projects is 75%. Guarantee duration is up to 3 years. ✅Greenfield describes a completely new project that has to be executed from scratch, while a brownfield project is one that has been worked on by others. ▪️Expected Benefits: ✅Will help the country in shoring up its much-needed healthcare infrastructure along with creating more employment opportunities. ✅The main objective of LGSCAS is to partially mitigate credit risk (primarily construction risk) and facilitate bank credit at lower rates of interest. ✅Eligibility: Applicable to all eligible loans sanctioned up to 31st March, 2022 or till an amount of Rs. 50,000 crore is sanctioned, whichever is earlier. #prelims PIB

🔆Maiden Navy Exercise: India-Algeria ✅Why in news: the Indian and Algerian navies participated in a maiden naval exercise off the Algerian coast ▪️India and Africa – Maritime Security: ✅Integrated Maritime Strategy 2050 of the African Union: It consists of the overarching, concerted and coherent long-term multilayered plans of actions that will achieve the objectives of the AU (African Union) to enhance maritime viability for a prosperous Africa. ✅Maritime Domain Awareness: To monitor the activities in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), Maritime Domain Awareness, a robust information sharing mechanism has been set up by India, and efforts have been made to encourage African participation in various multilateral frameworks in the IOR. ✅Indian Ocean Rim Association: It is an Indian-led initiative that seeks to build and expand understanding and mutually beneficial cooperation through a consensus-based, evolutionary and non-intrusive approach. ✅Maritime Security Infrastructure: India has been gradually increasing its engagements with the navies in the African continent through frequent naval deployments and port visits. Also inclusive regional maritime security infrastructure has been set up which are strategically located and there are constant interactions at the operational level. #IR #mains #prelims PIB

🔹 Net National Product (NNP) Net National Product (NNP) in an economy is the GNP after deducting the loss due to depreciation. NNP = GNP – Depreciation ➖NNP at Factor Cost:It is the value of NNP when the value of goods and services is taken at the production cost. ➖NNP at Market Price:It is the value of NNP at consumer cost. ➖NNP at market cost = NNP at factor cost + Indirect taxes – Subsidies Closed Economy: An economy that does not maintain any economic relations with the rest of the world. Economic Goods: Those goods which are scarce in supply and, hence, command a price. Nominal National Income: The money value of all the final goods and services produced in an economy during a year, estimated at current prices. Real National Income: The money value of all the final goods and services produced in an economy during a year, estimated at some fixed prices. Subsidy: It is the grant given on current account by the Government to the private industries and public corporations for selling certain goods at a price fixed by the Government. 🔹 National Income Measurement: ➨ Primary sector: all production units engaged in exploitation of natural resources like Agriculture, Fishing, Mining and Quarrying , Forestry and Logging ➨ Secondary sector: all production units engaged in transforming one good to another like Registered manufacture, unregistered, Construction, Electricity Gas Water supply ➨ Tertiary sector: all units engaged in producing services like Banking&Insurance, Trade, hotel, restaurant, transport, storage , Real estate dwelling, Public administration & defence, other services.

📊 Measures to control inflation 📊 ➨ Monetary Policy: Monetary policy can control the growth of demand through an increase in interest rates and a contraction in the real money supply. For example, in the late 1980s, interest rates went up to 15% because of the excessive growth in the economy and contributed to the recession of the early 1990s. ➨ Monetary measures of controlling the inflation can be either quantitative or qualitative. Bank rate policy, open market operations and variable reserve ratio are the quantitative measures of credit control, by which inflation can be brought down. Qualitative control measures involve selective credit control measures. ➨ Bank rate policy is used as the main instrument of monetary control during theperiod of inflation. When the central bank raises the bank rate, it is said to haveadopted a dear money policy. The increase in bank rate increases the cost ofborrowing which reduces commercial banks borrowing from the central bank.Consequently, the flow of money from the commercial banks to the public getsreduced. Therefore, inflation is controlled to the extent it is caused by the bankcredit. ➨ Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) : To control inflation, the central bank raises the CRR which reduces the lending capacity of the commercial banks. Consequently,flow of money from commercial banks to public decreases. In the process, ithalts the rise in prices to the extent it is caused by banks credits to the public. ➨ Open Market Operations: Open market operations refer to sale and purchaseof government securities and bonds by the central bank. To control inflation,central bank sells the government securities to the public through the banks.This results in transfer of a part of bank deposits to central bank account andreduces credit creation capacity of the commercial banks.

📚Evolution and growth of financial system/institutions in India📚 Growth of financial system/institutions can be discussed in two parts i.e. I. Post independence 1.Nationalization (Public ownership of financial institutions) – RBI was nationalized in 1948 – SBI was nationalized in 1956 – 14 commercial banks were nationalized in 1969 and 6 more banks in 1980 – LIC was nationalized in 1956 – GIC was nationalized in 1972 2. Establishment of development banks- – NABARD in 1982 for agriculture and rural development – National Housing Bank (NHB) in 1986 for housing development. – Export Import Bank (EXIM) in 1982 for promoting international trade. – Many national level organizations for industries such as IFCI, IDBI, IRBI, -ICICI & state level institutions like SFC, SIDC etc. 3. Credit rating agencies for the benefit of investors. 4. Legal reforms for protection of investors. – Indian companies Act 1956 – Securities Contract Regulation Act 1956 – MRTP Act 1972 – FERA Act 1973 5. Regulatory Bodies – SEBI in 1988 – IRDA in 1999 – RBI in 1948 (established under RBI Act 1934, started working in 1935 and nationalized in 1948 6. Participation of financial institutions in corporate management started to – Control on erring management – Loan to corporate on the basis of nominees of financing institutions in the board of management. II. Post Nineties 1.Privatization of financial institutions – Organizations like IFCI, IDBI started take private equity – Many private sector banks emerged under guidelines issued by RBI – Many private sector insurance companies emerged-some of them in collaboration with foreign insurance companies. – Many private mutual fund companies came it to picture 2. Protection of Investors- – SEBI was made statutory body in 1992 to project interest of investors – IRDA in 1999 came up to protect the interest of policy holder. More private insurance companies came in both life and not life insurance as per guidelines of IRDA 3. Liberalization – In banking sector as more private sector banks came up. – In insurance sector more insurance companies both in life and non life came up – Economic liberalization policy started – Many tax reforms came up – Disinvestment in public sector undertakings – Legal reforms by way of changes/amendments in Indian companies Act – Globalisation

🗄 TYPES OF ATM ( Automated Teller Machine ) 🖨 White Label ATMs (WLAs): ATMs set up, owned and operated by non-banks (i.e NBFCs) are WLAs. Non-bank ATM operators are authorised under the Payment & Settlement Systems Act, 2007 by RBI. 🖨 Green Label ATMs – ATMs for agricultural transactions. 🖨 Orange label ATMs – ATMs used for share transactions. 🖨 Pink Label ATMs – ATMs that are meant only for women (ease their banking). 🖨 Yellow Label ATMs – ATMs meant for E-commerce facility. 🖨 Brown Label ATMs – ATMs that are outsourced by a bank to a third party (based on the concept of sharing the cost). 🖨 Biometric ATMs – These are ATMs that use security features like fingerprint scanner and eye scanner of the customer to access the bank details. 🖨 Onsite ATMs – ATMs that are located inside the bank’s premises. 🖨 Offsite ATMs- ATMs that are located in various places except inside the bank’s premises.

National Park – State – Rivers 1. Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary – Assam – Brahmaputra River 2. Jim Corbet National Park - UTK- Ramganga River 3. Keoladeo Ghana NP – RJ – Confluence of Gabhir and Banaganga 4. Bandipur – KA- Kabini River(N), Moyar River(S) 5. Silent Valley – Kerala – Kaveri River 6. Valley of Flowers – UTK – Alakananda 7. Rajaji NP- UTK- Ganga River(Susawa) 8. Walmiki NP – Bihar – Gaudak 9. Sultanpur Bird Sanctury – Delhi or UP – Yamuna River 10. Dhudhawa NP –UP- Suheli, Ghagara & Mohana 11. Kisanpur WS- Sharda River 12. Mouling NP-Arunachal Pradesh- Siyom River 13. Namdhapa NP – AP- Noadihing River 14. Dibru Saikowa NP- Assam- Brahmaputra , Lohit, Dibru 15. Orang NP- Assam – Brahmaputra 16. Jiya-Bharelil- Assam- Nameri 17. Kaziranga NP-Assam- Brahmaputra 18. Manas NP- Assam – Manas 19. Indravati River – Indravati NP- Chhattisgarh 20. Pin Valley N.P. – HP- Pin River 21. Rannay, Kibar Nala, Meghna – Kishtawar NP – J&K 22. Meghna – Sundaram NP – WB 23. Tripui – Morlen NP – Mizoram 24. Simsang – Nokrek NP – Meghalaya 25. Goneshwari – Balapakharam NP – Meghalaya 26. Ken – Panna NP – MP 27. Pench – Pench NP – MP 28. Bhagirathi – Gangotri NP – UTK 29. Neora – Neora NP – WB 30. Torasa – Jaldapara NP – WB

✅ List of winning Smart Cities under the different categories 🟢 Heritage Project ⚫️ Gwalior: Digital Museum Urban Environment: ⚫️ Bhopal: Clean energy ⚫️ Chennai: Restoration of water bodies ⚫️ Tirupati: Renewable Energy 🟢 Generation Sanitation Heritage ⚫️ Tirupati: Bioremediation & Bio- Mining ⚫️ Indore: Municipal Waste Management System ⚫️ Surat: Conservation through Treated Wastewater 🟢 Economy ⚫️ Indore: Carbon Credit Financing Mechanism ⚫️ Tirupati: Boost Local Identity & Economy through Design Studio ⚫️ Agra: Micro Skill Development Centre

╭───────────────────╮ ⚡️ Daily Current Affairs : 04-09-2021 ⚡️ ╰───────────────────╯ 1. Which parachuters have won gold and silver medals in the shooting of Tokyo Paralympics? Ans : Manish Narwal (Gold Medal), Singhraj Adhana (Silver Medal). 2. Which conference will Prime Minister Narendra Modi address today? Ans : International Climate Summit 2021 3. Who has become the first Asian celebrity to have 150 million followers on Instagram, taking them to the fourth position in the world in terms of followers? Ans : Virat Kohli 4. Who has been awarded the World Photographer of the Year 2021? Ans : Alejandro Prieto 5. Which country's Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga has announced his resignation from his post? Ans : Japan 6. Coal Ministry has launched a pilot project to convert diesel to? Ans : Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) 7. Which player has become the 8th player of India to score 15,000 runs in international cricket? Ans : Rohit Sharma 8. How many new cases of corona have been reported in the country in the last 24 hours? Ans : 42,618 (330 Deaths) 9. HDFC Life Insurance has announced the acquisition of which subsidiary of Exide Industries Limited for Rs 6687 crore? Ans : Exide Life Insurance 10. September 05 is celebrated every year as which day across the country? Ans : Teacher's Day

╔═══════════════════╗ 📚 Daily Current Affairs | 31-08-2021 📚 ╚═══════════════════╝ Q.1. Para athlete from India won bronze medal in men's discus throw F52 event of the ongoing Tokyo Paralympics? Ans. Vinod Kumar Q.2. According to the SIPRI report, which country became one of the largest arms importers in Asia between 2016-20? Ans. India Q.3. In which competition Nishad Kumar has created an Asia record by winning a silver medal in the Tokyo Paralympics? Ans. High Jump Q.4. In the Asian Junior Boxing Championship 2021, Rohit Chamoli defeated which player to win India's first gold medal? Ans. Otgonbayar Tuvshinjaya Q.5. Which mobile app was launched by Sports Minister Anurag Thakur on National Sports Day? Ans. Fit India Q.6. The Legislative Assembly of which state passed a resolution against the agriculture laws of the Center? Ans. Tamil Nadu Q.7. Which Windows will not update on Microsoft's old CPU? Ans. Windows 11 Q.8. With which player did Sania Mirza and Christina McHale finished runners-up in the title match of the Cleveland Open tennis tournament? Ans. Shuko Aoyama and Ena Shibahara Q.9. Aditi Ashok is related to which sport? Ans. Indian Golfer Q.10. Which day was celebrated on 30th August all over India? Ans. National Small Industries Day

🔰 Indian Constitution Important Questions 🔰 ========================= 🔸 British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act on? ➖ 18 July 1947 🔸 Total number of Fundamental Rights in Constitution of India are? ➖ 6 🔸 Total number of Schedule in Constitution of India are? ➖ 12 🔸 Which Article of the Constitution defines Panchayat Raj? ➖ Article 243 🔸 Under Constitutional Article 343, which is the official language of the Union? ➖ Hindi and English 🔸 Which community gets special provision for Central Services in Article 336? ➖ Anglo-Indian community 🔸 Which Constitutional Article lays down the provision for a National Commission for SC and ST? ➖ Article 338 🔸 Before the Independence of India, Dadar and Nager Haveli was under the administrative control of? ➖ Portugese 🔸 Who decides allotment of symbols to Political Parties? ➖ Election Commission 🔸 Who has the authority to approve President rule in the state? ➖ Parliament

🏔 Geography Important Questions 🏔 ============================== 🔹 Which planet rotates from East to West? ➨ Venus 🔹 Phobos and Deimos are satellites of which planet? ➨ Mars 🔹 In which country the active volcano Mt Etna is located? ➨ Italy 🔹 Which country is known as Land of Gold and Diamond? ➨ South Africa 🔹 Capital of Nigeria is? ➨ Abuja 🔹 Longest waterfall in the world is? ➨ Victoria Falls 🔹 Name the flightless bird of Kalahari desert? ➨ Ostrich 🔹 The Victoria Fall was discovered by? ➨ David Livingston 🔹 The temperate grassland of South Africa is called? ➨ High Veld 🔹 The only river which crosses the Equator twice is? ➨ River Zaire

⭕️ Oaths and Resignations ⭕️ ============================== 🔹 The President ➨ Oath - Chief Justice of India or in his absence the senior most Judge of Supreme Court. ➨ Resignation submitted to - Vice-President 🔹 Vice-President ➨ Oath - President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President. ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Prime Minister ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Lok Sabha Speaker ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha 🔹 Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - Lok Sabha Speaker 🔹 Chief Election Commissioner ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Attorney General ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Comptroller and Auditor General ➨ Oath - President or some person appointed in that behalf by the President. ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Solicitor-General ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Chairman, Public Service Commission Oath - President Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Chairman, Planning Commission ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Members, Planning Commission ➨ Oath - Prime Minister ➨ Resignation submitted to - Prime Minister 🔹 Governor, RBI ➨ Oath - President ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Chief Minister ➨ Oath - Governor ➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor 🔹 Chief Justice of High Court ➨ Oath - Governor ➨ Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Other Judges of High Court Oath - Governor Resignation submitted to - President 🔹 Advocate General ➨ Oath - Governor ➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor 🔹 Accountant General ➨ Oath - Governor ➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor 🔹 Chairman, State Public Service Commission ➨ Oath - Governor ➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor 🔹 Members, State Public Service Commission ➨ Oath - Governor ➨ Resignation submitted to - Governor

🔆NATIONAL SMALL INDUSTRY DAY ✅why in news: Every year on August 30, the country celebrates National Small Industry Day. On August 30, 2000, a comprehensive policy package for the SSI (Small Scale Industry) sector was launched, providing significant support to small firms in India. ▪️Some of the key reforms introduced by Ministry of MSME are: ✅Revision of MSME definition: Government of India approved the upward revision of MSME definition on 1st June 2020 under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat Package. The Government revised the MSME classification by inserting composite criteria of both investment and annual turnover. ✅Udyam Registration: Udyam is an online and simplified procedure of filing of registration which enables MSMEs to obtain registration without any documentation and fees. ✅Champions Portal: It is an ICT based technology system aimed at making the smaller units big by solving their grievances, encouraging, supporting, helping and handholding throughout the business lifecycle. The platform facilitates a single window solution for all needs of MSMEs. ✅National SC-ST Hub (NSSH): National SC-ST Hub has been launched to promote entrepreneurship culture in the SC-ST community and fulfill the 4% procurement target mentioned in the Public Procurement Policy order, 2018. ✅Self-Reliant India (SRI) Fund: The scheme is expected to facilitate equity financing of Rs.50,000 crore in the MSME Sector. The infusion of equity will provide an opportunity to get MSMEs listed in stock exchanges. ✅Procurement Policy: For providing marketing support to MSEs, all Central Ministries/Government Departments and CPSEs are required to procure 25% of their annual requirements of goods and services from MSEs including 4% from MSEs owned by SC/ST and 3% from MSEs owned by women entrepreneurs under the Public Procurement Policy. ✅Establishment of Enterprise Development Centers (EDCs): Till date Ministry of MSME has set up 102 EDCs across India. The aim of these centers is to build a network of entrepreneurial leaders by providing professional mentoring and handholding support services to existing as well as aspiring MSMEs with special focus on rural enterprises on continuous basis. #economy #prelims PIB

🔆NATIONAL PHARMACEUTICALS PRICING AUTHORITY (NPPA) ✅Why in news : On the foundation day of National Pharmaceuticals Pricing Authority (NPPA) Union Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers congratulated NPPA for working tirelessly to ensure availability of life-saving drugs at reasonable prices consistently. ▪️ About ✅The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) is a government regulatory agency that controls the prices of pharmaceutical drugs in India. ✅National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) was constituted by Government of India Resolution dated 29th August, 1997. ✅NPPA is Neither a Statutory nor a Constitutional Body. ✅NPPA acts as an attached office of the Department of Pharmaceuticals (DoP), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers as an independent Regulator for pricing of drugs and to ensure availability and accessibility of medicines at affordable prices. ✅The NPPA regularly publishes lists of medicines and their maximum ceiling prices (Drug Price Control Orders DPCO). ▪️NPPA is propelling Digital India mission by: ✅Pharma Sahi Daam– App to check prices of medicines ✅Pharma Jan Samadhan– Public grievance system to help people resolve their problems. ✅Pharma Data Bank– Online information collection from Pharma manufacturers.” ▪️Functions of NPPA ✅To implement and enforce the provisions of the Drugs (Prices Control) Order in accordance with the powers delegated to it. ✅To deal with all legal matters arising out of the decisions of the Authority. ✅To monitor the availability of drugs, identify shortages, if any, and to take remedial steps. ✅To collect/ maintain data on production, exports and imports, market share of individual companies, profitability of companies etc, for bulk drugs and formulations. ✅To undertake and/ or sponsor relevant studies in respect of pricing of drugs/ pharmaceuticals. ✅To recruit/ appoint the officers and other staff members of the Authority, as per rules and procedures laid down by the Government. ✅To render advice to the Central Government on changes/ revisions in the drug policy. ✅To render assistance to the Central Government in the parliamentary matters relating to the drug pricing. #economy #mains #prelims PIB

Ancient India👇

📰 Current Affairs One Liners, 📅 30 August 2021 🚢 Indian Swimmer Sajan Prakash Picked By Energy Standard " In The ISL 🏢 Energy Standard Are One Of The 4 Founding European Tecms For The ISL ⏳ The 2021 International Swimming League Is The Third Edition of The ISL 📌 ISL Teams Can Have A Maximum Roster Of 38 Athletes For 2021 Season 🥈 Bhavina Patel Won Silver Medal In The Table Tennis Event At Paralympics 🏓 She Becomes Ist Indian To Win Medal In Table Tennis At Paralympics 👩 Becomes 2nd Indian Women To Win Paralympic Medal (1st: Deepa Malik) 🔶 Jammu & Kashmir Govt Approved The Implementation Of Film Policy-2021 📌 To Promote The Overall Growth Of The Film Industry In The Union Territory 🔶 SGPGI Lucknow Becomes Ist Institute In UP To Get NABH Accreditation 🏢 SGPGI:Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute Of Medical Sciences 📌 Awarded By National Accreditation Board For Hospitals & Healthcare Providers 🚍 Kerala Chief Minister Pinarati Vijayan Flagged Off Samudra Bus Service 🏢 Operated By The Ker ala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) 📌 Kerala Becomes Ist State To Offer Free Bus Services To Women Fish Vendor 🕰 The Bus Services For Fisherwomen Are Scheduled Between 6 Am To 10 Am 💰 Fisheries Department Has Allocated Rs 72 Lakhs Yearly For This Bus Service 👩 24 Fisherwomen Can Travel In The Samudra Free Bus Service AtA Time 🥈 Nishad Kumar Wins Silver In Men's high Jump T47 Event In Paralympics 👤 A M Khanwilkar Appointed As The Chairman Of The Suprem Court Legal Services Committee 👤 Prabhu Ram Sharma Has Become The New Army Chief Of Nepal 📌 3 Years Term Of The Incumbent Army Chief Purna Chandra Thapa Expires On Sept9 👩 FM Nirmala Sitharaman Inaugurates " My Pad, My Right Project In Tripura 📌 Project Aims To Bring Livelihood And Menstrual Hygiene Closer To Rural Women 🤝 "My Pad, My Right "Initiated By NABARD And NABFOUNDATION 👤 Mohammad Eslami Has Been Appointed As Chief Of Atomic Energy Organization Of Iran 🔶 Punjab To Launch 'Mera Kaam Mera Maan'Scheme To Help Unemployed Youth 🔶 Google Launches Kids Safety Programme "Be Internet Awesome"In India 🤝 Google Launched This Progranmme With Comic Book Publisher Amar Chitra Katha 😔 Padma Shri Awardee Agriculture Scientist BV Nimbkar Passes Away Recently 🏢 He Was The Founder Of Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) ⏳ He Was Awarded The Padma Shri Award In 2006 For His Contribution In The Field Of Agriculture

🖥 #Computer_Only_Exam_Oriented 🔺First Super Computer in the world : Cray CDC 6600 🔺Fastest Super Computer in the world : FUGAKU BY THE JAPAN 🔺First Super Computer of India : PARAM 8000 🔺Fastest Super Computer in India : PRATYUSH 🔺Semiconductor Memory -- RAM, ROM 🔺Optical Memory -- CD-ROM, CD-R, DVD, HVD, Blu-ray Disc 🔺Magnetic Memory -- Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Floppy Disk Drive (FDD) 🔺Flash Memory -- Pen drive, Memory card etc (EEPROM Technology devices)

🎯 Daily Current Affairs 30-08-2021 Q.1. Which day is celebrated on 29th August in India? Ans. National Sports Day Q.2. For the first time in the history of Maharashtra Congress, how many transgenders have also been given important responsibility? Ans. Two Q.3. Which state government has adopted Indian wrestling till 2032 Olympics? Ans. Uttar Pradesh Q.4. The first Indian to secure a medal at the Tokyo Paralympics, who created history by becoming a table tennis player? Ans. Bhavinaben Patel Q.5. Who got the 'Best Song' award at the Sixteen International Film Festivals - 16IFF 2021? Ans. I bow to thi o mother Q.6. Which is the 'Best Feature Fiction Film' at the Sixteen International Film Festivals - 16IFF 2021? Ans. The Girl with the Goat Q.7. Who got the award for 'Best Short Fiction Film' at the Sixteen International Film Festivals - 16IFF 2021? Ans. Acce Mater Q.8. Which country ended the evacuation operation in Afghanistan? Ans. France Q.9. Which city has reached the first place in the world in installing the most number of CCTV cameras per square mile? Ans. Delhi Q.10. Who got the National Award for Manufacturer of the Year Award? Ans. Pyro and Hydro of Hindustan Zinc, Chanderia Lead Zinc Smelter, Dariba Zinc Smelter and Pantnagar Metal Plant.

♻️ International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA) ✅ Framework for setting up and operating International Trade Finance Services platform (ITFS) for providing trade finance services at International Financial Services Centres. ✅ The IFSCA has issued a framework for setting up and operating International Trade Finance Services Platform for providing Trade Finance Services at International Financial Services Centres. ✅ The framework will enable Exporters and Importers to avail various types of trade finance facilities at competitive terms, for their international trade transactions through a dedicated electronic platform viz, ITFS. ✅ This will help in their ability to convert their trade receivables into liquid funds and to obtain short term funding. ✅ This framework will provide an opportunity to the participants to avail trade finance facilities for trade transactions such as Export Invoice Trade Financing, Reverse Trade Financing, Bill discounting under Letter of Credit, Supply Chain Finance for Exporters, Export Credit (Packing Credit), Insurance/Credit Guarantee, Factoring and any other eligible product, on the ITFS platform. #GS3 #IR #Economy #International

♻️ Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHC) Scheme 🔅 About the scheme: ✅ Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) is a sub-scheme under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban (PMAY-U) to provide affordable rental housing to urban migrants/poor, close to their workplace. ✅ It aims to create a conducive ecosystem for Public/Private Entities to leverage investment in rental housing. ✅ The beneficiaries of ARHCs will be varied groups of urban migrants/poor from EWS/LIG categories including industrial & construction workers, migrants working with market/trade associations, educational/health institutions, hospitality sector, long-term tourists/visitors, students, etc. ✅ It is under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. 🔅 Need for the scheme: ✅ Large scale reverse migration of urban migrants/poor due to COVID-19. ✅ Urban migrants stay in slums/informal settlements/unauthorised colonies/peri-urban areas to save cost on housing. ✅ Non-availability of housing close to workplace adversely impacts productivity. ✅ Requirement of affordable rental housing rather than ownership. 🔅 Objectives of the scheme: ✅ To address the vision of ‘Atma Nirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’ significantly by creating a sustainable ecosystem of affordable rental housing solutions for urban migrants/poor. ✅ To achieve overall objective of “Housing for All” encompassing the need of affordable rental housing for urban migrants/poor. ARHCs will provide them dignified living with necessary civic amenities near their place of work. ✅ To create a conducive environment by incentivizing Public/Private Entities to leverage investment for creating affordable rental housing stock to take care of their own requirements for workforce and also cater to neighbouring areas, if they have available vacant land. #GS3 #Schemes #Pre #Mains

♻️ Chartered Accountants’ Day ✅ July 1 is observed as Chartered Accountants’ Day (CA Day). 🔅 About CA Day: ✅ The day is marked to commemorate the founding of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) in 1949, one of the oldest professional institutes in the country. 🔅 About the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI): ✅ ICAI is India’s national professional accounting body and also the second biggest accounting organization in the world. ✅ It is the sole licensing and regulatory body for the financial audit and accounting profession in India, and its recommendations are followed by everyone – from the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA) to companies and accounting organizations. ✅ The ICAI is a statutory body for regulating the accounting profession in India. ✅ It functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Government of India. ✅ The affairs of the ICAI are managed by a Council in accordance with the provisions of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and the Chartered Accountants Regulations, 1988. #GS3 #Day #Pre

🔰 Current Affairs - 26 August 2021 🔰 ============================== 1. Assam celebrates Wanchuwa Festival 2021. Tiwa tribesmen perform their traditional dnac eas they take part in Wanchuwa Festival in Assam. This festival is celebrated by Tiwa tribesmen to mark their good harvest. It comes with songs, dances, a bunch of rituals and people clad in their native attires. Tiwa is also known as Lalung is an indigenous community inhabiting the states of Assam and Meghalaya and are also found in some parts of Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. 2. India emerges as Second in Global Manufacturing Risk Index. India has emerged as a global manufacturing hub and effectively surpassed the United States to become the world’s second most desired manufacturing destination. This indicates the growing interest in India by manufacturers as a preferred manufacturing hub over other countries including the United States and the manufacturing giant nation, China. 3. RBI appointed panel suggests 4-tier structure for Urban Co-operative Banks. RBI appointed panel under the chairmanship of N. S. Vishwanathan suggests 4-tier structure for Urban Co-operative Banks; minimum CRAR (Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets Ratio) for them could vary from 9 per cent to 15 per cent. 4. NITI Aayog and WRI Jointly Launch ‘Forum for Decarbonizing Transport’. NITI Aayog and World Resources Institute (WRI), India, jointly launched the ‘Forum for Decarbonizing Transport’ in India. NITI Aayog is the implementing partner for India. The aim of the project is to bring down the peak level of GHG emissions (transport sector) in Asia (in line with a well below 2-degree pathway), resulting in problems like congestion and air pollution. 5. Abhay Kumar Singh appointed as joint secretary in Ministry of Cooperation. Abhay Kumar Singh has been appointed as joint secretary in the Ministry of Cooperation. This ministry was recently formed with an aim to strengthen the cooperative movement in the country. The appointment of Abhay Kumar Singh has been cleared by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet headed by PM Modi. 6. Tekchand as India’s new flag-bearer in Tokyo Paralympics. Mariyappan Thangavelu, 2016 Rio Paralympic Games gold medalist will be replaced by Asian Games gold medalist Tekchand as the new flag-bearer of India at the opening ceremony. 7. Princepal Singh becomes first Indian to be part of NBA championship roster. Princepal Singh became the first Indian to be part of an NBA title-winning team when his side Sacramento Kings clinched the 2021 NBA Summer League crown. 8. British comedian Sean Lock passes away. British comedian Sean Lock has passed away. He was one of Britain’s finest comedians, his boundless creativity, lightning wit and the absurdist brilliance of his work, marked him out as a unique voice in British comedy. In the year 2000, Sean Lock had won the gong at the British Comedy Awards for the best live stand-up performance. 9. Former national football coach SS Hakim passes away. Syed Shahid Hakim, former India footballer and member of the last national team that played in the 1960 Rome Olympics, passed away. Hakim ‘saab’, as he was popularly known, was 82 years old. In his more than five-decade association with Indian football, Hakim, a Dronacharya Awardee, has also been an assistant coach to late PK Banerjee during the 1982 Asian Games in Delhi.

🔆Capital Disadvantages: Delhi & Washington DC ✅Synopsis: Full statehood remains a dream for residents, both in Indian and US national capitals 🔸US and India both are reluctant to allow residents of their capitals full statehood. Both territories enjoy lesser power than the states ▪️Status of Washington DC ✅It has 3 electoral votes to elect the president (since 1961), but its people have no vote in Congress. ✅It has a Mayor and a Council, but laws passed can be overturned by US Congress under Article 1, Section 8 of the US constitution ▪️Progress has been slow in Washington DC too: ✅DC was set to allow control over its own security after the 1783 mutiny. ✅Such tentative steps were reversed in 1874 when Congress decided to rule abruptly through a 3 member commission. ✅As the city’s economy grew, demands for self-governance grew. ✅But despite demands from citizens, the statehood progress has been slow. ▪️What is the status of Delhi? ✅Initially, it was a Part C state under the constitution enjoying a measure of self-governance After the reorganisation of states, when Delhi became UT, it was the only Part C state to lose an elected government By 69th AA, Article 239AA, it was again given an elected assembly and CM. Delhi presently enjoys all the power except land, police, law and order. ▪️What is the real problem? ✅The government report states that Delhi’s residents enjoy special status and must pay the price for it. ✅However, the trend towards greater Democratization has helped Delhi and Washington DC to improve their governance. ✅But with the recent move(GNCT of Delhi (Amendment) Act), the standoff between the governor and CM has only increased in Delhi. Further, the Supreme court also has not been able to resolve the deadlock. ▪️Way forward ✅Even the recent amendments can not solve the problem. The real problem in Delhi and Washington DC is political and not administrative. #polity #gs2

Today, the Rodda company arms heist took place. • It happened on 26th August 1914 during the British Raj, in Calcutta. • Members of the Jugantar faction of the Bengali revolutionary organisation Anushilan Samiti intercepted a shipment of Mauser Pistols and ammunition belonging to Messrs Rodda & co., a Calcutta gun dealer. • Meanwhile, these were en route from the Customs house to the company's godown, and were able to make away with a portion of the arms. • The heist was a sensational incident, being described by The Statesman as the "Greatest daylight robbery". About Heist • Rodda & Co. was a prominent British-owned gun store situated in Calcutta. • Among its employees was Shrish Chandra Mitra alias Habu, an active member of Anushilan. • Mitra was aware of a major consignment of arms and ammunitions being shipped to the firm in August 1914. • Informed of the impending arrival, a group of Jugantar members headed by Anukul Mukherjee met on 24 August 1914 in Bowbazar suburb of Calcutta. Among those present in the meeting was Naren Bhattacharya, who dissented from the plan and left. 26 August was fixed as the date of the heist. • On the day of the 26th, Mitra headed to the Customs house in Calcutta to receive the shipment on behalf of Rodda & Co. With him were SEVEN Bullock carts. • Haridas Dutta, another member of a branch of Jugantar called Mukti Sangha, was dressed as the cart-driver for one of the carts Mitra took with him. • Of the total of 202 boxes received by Mitra, 192 were loaded between the first six carts, while the remaining 10 boxes were taken to the Dutta's cart. Walking along with Dutta's cart were two other revolutionaries Srishh Pal and Khagendra Nath Das. • On exiting Customs house with his cargo, Mitra led his convoy while Dutta's cart was last. • As the rest of the train headed for the company's godown, The trio of Dutta, Pal and Das broke off and headed to Mononga lane suburb of Calcutta via Mission row. • The successful heist handed Jugantar 50 Mauser pistols and 46,000 rounds of ammunition.

🔆PRAGATI ✅Why in News: PM chairs 37th PRAGATI interaction. ▪️About PRAGATI ✅PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance And Timely Implementation), as the name suggests, is aimed at starting a culture of Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation. ✅It is also a robust system for bringing e-transparency and e-accountability with real-time presence and exchange among the key stakeholders. ✅The platform was launched in 2015 is a multi-purpose and multi-modal platform that is aimed at addressing common man’s grievances, and simultaneously monitoring and reviewing important programmes and projects of the Government of India as well as projects flagged by State Governments. ✅It is a three-tier system (PMO, Union Government Secretaries, and Chief Secretaries of the States) ✅The PRAGATI platform uniquely bundles three latest technologies, digital data management, video-conferencing and geo-spatial technology. It also offers a unique combination in the direction of cooperative federalism since it brings on one stage the Secretaries of Government of India and the Chief Secretaries of the States. ✅The Prime Minister will hold a monthly programme where he will interact with the Government of India Secretaries, and Chief Secretaries through Video-conferencing enabled by data and geo-informatics visuals. #polity #prelims PIB

🔆The National Mission for Clean Ganga(NMCG) recently hosted a Meet & Mingle session on ‘Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM): Stakeholder Engagement on the Stockholm World Water Week 2021 ▪️About the World Water week: ✅World Water Week is the leading annual global event for concretely addressing the planet’s major water issues. The world water week is hosted and conducted by Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). ✅For 2021, World Water Week is being held entirely online. The theme for 2021 is Building Resilience Faster. ▪️What is Integrated River Basin Management? ✅Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) emphasis on cross-disciplinary coordination of water, land and related resources in a river basin, watershed or catchment to achieve long-term sustainability. ✅IRBM highlights the importance of ecosystem function in the long term and reminds us that integration of policies, decisions and costs are necessary across a multitude of sectors. ▪️Why does India need IRBM in the Ganga basin? ✅River Ganga is the largest river basin in India and have recognition of being an international basin. A large section of the Indian population is living in the River Ganga Basin and directly connects with human life in various ways. ✅But the basin faces multi-faceted issues related to ecology, environment, economy, food security and so on. So India needs an IRBM for the Ganga basin. ▪️Efforts by the government: The NMCG has developed the Ganga River Basin Management Plan in a consortium with IITs. ✅The plan covers the issue of pollution and suggested solutions, with a focus on retaining the water quality and quantity. ✅The other challenges related to Environmental flow, wetland conservation and development, wildlife protection and so on are key elements covered under the GRBMP ✅The GRBMP is being implemented by NMCG in a sustainable manner by involvement with Public-Private Partnerships. ▪️Key points from the NMCG session: ✅The session mentioned that India should focus on the importance of stakeholder engagement including fisheries, agriculture, forestry, and others with aim of successful implementation of IRBM in the Ganga River Basin. ✅There is a need to learn from international experiences and understand the characteristics and challenges faced. ✅The current structure having Ganga Praharis and Ganga Mitra at village levels and state level need to be escalated at different scales and regions. ✅Adopt a bottom-up approach by empowering the district level government bodies and start initiatives including small rivers as they contribute to Ganga River Basin Management. ✅Develop basin wise data collection system, budget-wise approaches to support IRBM implementation and data development on small streams. #prelims PIB

🔆Forum for Decarbonisation of Transport Sector ▪️Why in News ✅Recently, Forum for Decarbonizing Transport was jointly launched by NITI Aayog and World Resources Institute (WRI), India. ✅WRI India is an independent charity legally registered as the India Resources Trust which provides objective information and practical proposals to foster environmentally sound and socially equitable development. ✅NITI Aayog serves as an advisory think tank for the government and is chaired by the Prime Minister. It replaced the Planning Commission. ▪️About: ✅The forum is a part of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)-Transport Initiative for Asia (NDC-TIA) project, which focuses on developing a coherent strategy of effective policies and the formation of a multi-stakeholder platform for decarbonising transport in the region. 🔸NDC-TIA is a joint programme of seven organisations that will engage China, India, and Vietnam in promoting a comprehensive approach to decarbonising transport in their respective countries. The project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). 🔸The IKI is a key element of Germany’s climate financing and the funding commitments in the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ✅It will act as the conduit for bringing diverse voices and needs to adopt an integrated approach for greening the transport sector in India. ✅Aim: To Bring down the peak level of GreenHouse Gas emissions (transport sector) in Asia (in line with a well below 2-degree pathway), resulting in problems like congestion and air pollution. ▪️Expected Benefits: ✅It will help in the development of innovative business models for targeted results and the holistic growth of the electric mobility space in India. ✅It will also provide a platform to initiate dialogues for the development of uniform policies and help achieve specific results in reducing emissions from the transport sector. ▪️Need: ✅India has a massive and diverse transport sector, which is also the third most CO2 emitting sector. ✅Data from International Energy Agency (IEA), 2020 and Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change, 2018 suggests that within the transport sector, road transport contributes to more than 90% of the total CO2 emissions. ✅With increasing urbanisation, the fleet size i.e. the number of sales of vehicles is increasing rapidly. It is projected that the total number of vehicles will be doubled by 2030. ✅Therefore, the transition to a decarbonisation path for the transport sector in India is essential to achieving the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement for 2050. ▪️why forward ✅India has a great opportunity to decarbonize its urban transport sector. Promotion of walking, cycling and public transport coupled with electrification of motor vehicles should be the right strategy for the country. ✅To leverage and streamline EVs across the country, there is a need to create a favourable ecosystem for different stakeholders. ✅A coordinated effort between these stakeholders will help enable investment, encourage adoption, and ensure fair operation in the industry. #environment #mains #prelims PIB

╭───────────────────╮ ⚡️ Daily Current Affairs : 25-08-2021 ⚡️ ╰───────────────────╯ 1. Who has been appointed as the next Ambassador of India to Germany? Ans : Harish Parvathneni 2. Which footballer, a former Olympian and a member of the 1962 Jakarta Asian Games gold medal winning team, has passed away at the age of 85? Ans : O Chandrashekhar 3. Rajkumar, a teacher and sitar player in Delhi, has registered his name by playing sitar continuously for 30 hours? Ans : Guinness Book of World Records 4. China has made it mandatory to include and teach whose ideas in its national curriculum? Ans : Chinese President Xi Jinping 5. Which countries have secured the first three positions in the Manufacturing Risk Index 2021 released by global asset advisory firm Cushman-Wakefield? Ans : China (first), India (second) and America (third). 6. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) has announced to celebrate this day as which day as part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's campaign to give 1 crore internship opportunities by 2025? Ans : AICTE Internship Day 7. Who has been sworn in as the first woman governor of New York? Ans : Kathy Hochul 8. How many new cases of corona have been reported in the country in the last 24 hours? Ans : 37,593 (648 Deaths) 9. What is the name given to India's campaign to airlift people in Afghanistan? Ans : Operation Devi Shakti 10. IIT Madras has developed India's first indigenous motorized wheelchair, what is it named? Ans : Neobolt

🔆QUAD The Quadrilateral comprising of India, the U.S., Japan and Australia is being explored as an effective counter to China. ▪️Quadrilateral Security Dialogue ✅ The ‘Quadrilateral Group’ is considered as an informal grouping among India, Japan, Australia, and the United States to support a “free, open and prosperous” Indo- Pacific region. ✅All four nations find a common ground of being the democratic nations and common interests of unhindered maritime trade and security ✅The demand for the group is a causal reaction to China’s emergence as a great power and the fear of China’s growing unilateralism through BRI, expansion in South China Sea, skirmishes on borders, etc. This fear has driven the four powers to consider banding together in form of collective security arrangement. ✅The first Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QSD) among the 4 countries was first held in 2007 but dis-continued in 2008. It was again revived in an informal meet among US, India, Japan, and Australia held in Manila, Philippines in 2017. ▪️Analysis ✅The real answer regarding its effectiveness against China would be major focus. However, its importance should be analysed in the backdrop of changing Geopolitical dynamics. ✅ Further the focus should be on How the Quad enhances India’s capabilities and what is India’s expectation from this group. ✅Quad can be effective in countering China in the Maritime domain. It can play a balancing role and have a deterrence effect against assertiveness of China in the Indo-Pacific region (Visible in the South China Sea) ✅Although Quad does not have requisite power as of now, but there is no other alternative but to have potential arrangement of this kind between likeminded maritime powers having common strategic interests in Indo-Pacific Region in relation to freedom of navigation (FON), flights and rule-based order. ✅However, the biggest challenge that the coalition faces is that the member countries have differing perception of the Indo-pacific region. This impacts their prioritization in dealing with challenges in Indo-Pacific as well as the areas of focus. ✅ An important issue for effective maritime security cooperation amongst the navies of Quad is while three of the navies (Australia, US and Japan) operate within NATO military alliance framework, India is not part of any military alliance. ✅The centrality of ASEAN in the Indo-Pacific has been emphasized by the Quad, hence their inclusion into it is another debatable issue, due to Chinese influence over them. ASEAN nations have failed to take a stand against the Chinese adventurism in the South China Sea. ▪️Future scenario ✅Considering the prevailing international strategic scenario, China is reasonably confident that US or any other country will not use military force to dismantle their infrastructure made in SCS. ✅ It is also increasing its naval capability as part of its comprehensive national power (CNP) to make best use of inaction by other countries in Indo-Pacific. ✅In this context, it is necessary that Quad strengthens itself beyond Malabar exercises and forum for dialogue and gets some teeth in the form of maritime capacity building of its members, further improvement of interoperability and dominate choke points sensitive to China. ✅ Quad in its present form may not be effective enough to check Chinese adventurism, but it certainly has potential to become one of the effective instruments to do so, provided the affected countries and the global community also plays its role against common concerns. #revision_notes #IR #mains #prelims